Treatment of hypertension must limit the intake of salt, and the main factor affecting blood pressure is sodium. We often say that the prevention and treatment of hypertension need to limit the intake of salt, but we can not eat salt. Studies have found that salt affects blood pressure. If we take too much salt for a long period of time, blood pressure will increase significantly. For hypertensive patients, controlling salt has become an important factor in blood pressure stability.
Salt is the main component of sodium chloride, these elements can maintain the nutritional balance in the blood, sodium and chloride ions are present in the extracellular fluid, potassium ions exist in the intracellular fluid, but when the sodium and chloride ions increase, Due to changes in osmotic pressure, extracellular fluids are increased, sodium and water are retained, intercellular fluid and blood volume are increased, and blood pressure, ventricular filling volume and output are increased, and blood pressure can be increased.
Increased sodium can cause swelling of the cells, leading to elevated blood pressure. As the intracellular and extracellular sodium ion concentration gradients increase, intracellular sodium ions also increase, followed by cell swelling and swelling of small arterial smooth muscle cells. On the one hand, the lumen becomes narrow and the peripheral resistance increases; on the other hand, the small arteries Walls respond to the vasoconstrictor substances in the blood (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and angiotensin), causing arteriolar spasm, increasing the resistance of small arteries throughout the body and increasing blood pressure.
For patients who do not have high blood pressure and who already have high blood pressure, limiting eating salt is also beneficial. Practice has proved that in patients with early hypertension or mild hypertension, simple salt may restore normal blood pressure. For moderately and severely hypertensive patients, limiting the intake of salt can not only improve the efficacy of other antihypertensive drugs, but also reduce the dose of antihypertensive drugs, which can greatly reduce the side effects and drug costs of antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, whether it is from the perspective of preventing hypertension, or treating patients with hypertension, salt restriction is beneficial.
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