Flammulina velutipes is one of the earliest cultivated edible fungi in China. It is delicious and nutritious and contains 18 kinds of amino acids. Among them, 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for the human body accounted for 44.5% of the total amount of amino acids, which is higher than that of ordinary mushrooms. Using the superior environmental conditions of vegetable greenhouses to carry out the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes can be vigorously developed against seasons. In order to achieve the growth of winter mushroom under low temperature conditions. This is also a good way to regulate the market characteristics of fewer winter vegetables and help farmers to increase production and income. Mushroom cultivation requires attention to the following planting issues.
1. Cultivation of Flammulina Velutipes Planting Material
In this paper, the fermentative process of planting materials is described with a typical commercial starter, Jinbao Edible Culture Medium Fermentation Auxiliaries. First of all, according to the weight of 0.1% of the culture material, prepare the golden babe edible fungus culture material fermentation aid; soak or crush the main material before soaking or shower pre-wetting, adjust the water to 60-70%, PH value of 8 or so. The low water content is not conducive to the rapid propagation of functional microbial fermentation, and the slow fermentation speed. If the water content is too high, not only the temperature rise is slow, but also the local anaerobic environment may be caused by the poor ventilation, and the "corrupt bacteria" breeds with odor. Secondly, dilute the starter with fresh rice bran, and then mix the diluted golden baby's fermentation aid with other auxiliary materials such as bran, cake fat, manure, and rapeseed cake that are pre-wetted in advance, and mix evenly in the main ingredient. After the stacking process, the raw material of the culture material is stirred evenly, and conventionally piled. The inside of the pile is uniformly punched and ventilated with a tip rod with a diameter of about 10 cm, and air-permeable covering materials such as sacks, straw curtains and the like are provided for the heat preservation and moisturizing. . Finally, overturning and temperature control: When the material temperature rises to about 65°C, it can be turned over for the first time and turned over again in 3-4 days. The turning point of the Agaricus bisporus pile is slightly longer. It may be normal for the temperature to rise rapidly above 70-75°C in the early stage of fermentation, but it should be turned over immediately, and the high temperature above 75°C cannot be maintained for a long period of time. Otherwise, the nutrient concentration of culture materials will be greatly depleted and the yield will be affected. In the later period, according to the different requirements of the temperature of different edible fungi, take measures such as removing the cover, increasing the density of punching holes, replenishing the water, reducing the height of the pile, and tipping over to control the temperature within an appropriate range. With the sharp increase in the temperature of the material pile and the constant accumulation of heat, the moisture in the material will evaporate and dissipate. Therefore, at the same time, the water should be replenished in time according to the actual situation (0.5% quicklime water is preferred). It should be completed at the same time as the turning and sowing should be avoided when sowing, so as to avoid the bacteria type “not to eat†after sowing. The fermented and decomposed culture material has a moisture content of about 65%, generally brown, and the surface is covered with white hyphae. There is no aroma smell of ammonia, and it is not sticky and flexible. The straw straw is lightly pulled, indicating that the fermentation is completed.
2. Selection of Enoki mushroom greenhouse materials
Thick grass curtains are used on the agricultural film to meet the requirements for shading. This covering method is based on local materials, low investment, and good moisturizing performance. However, in the rain and snow days, the straw curtain is wet and the pressure on the greenhouse is high. Therefore, if necessary, a layer of agricultural film can be covered on the black PVC plastic film to reduce the impact of rain and snow and extend the service life of the straw curtain. Can also be covered with linoleum shed, there is a gap between the linoleum, good ventilation, moderate light. With black PVC plastic film can also be, by changing the size of the vents, to meet the winter mushroom cultivation environment requirements of winter, and can be used for many years.
3. Vaccinium and inoculation of mushroom
Choose a closed room with good performance as a vaccination room. Then heat fumigation with 10 ml of formaldehyde per square meter. It can be inoculated when cooled to below 30°C. If the negative ion generator is used during inoculation, the inoculation rate can be greatly improved. The cultivation bag is placed in a clean room and cultured at a temperature of about 22°C. The upper and lower positions of the cultivation bag are exchanged every week to ensure uniform growth of the hyphae. If bacteria are directly placed in the greenhouse, they must be covered with a whole piece of agricultural film to prevent excessive humidity in the greenhouse during the germination period, which will reduce the yield. In addition, rat poison should be sprayed regularly. After 30 days, the hyphae in the growing bag can be overgrown.
4. Cultivation of mushroom body of greenhouse
When the mycelium in the cultivation bag is full, the bag can be opened and the mushroom can be opened, and the mouth of the bag can be fastened to delay the mushrooming, so that the first tidal mushroom can be listed at a higher price. Or open the bag a week or so before the onset of the cold wave, so that when the head tide mushroom bud just at a low temperature environment, help to improve the commercial quality of mushroom. When the fruiting body was cultured, the mulching and the ventilation of the shed were opened after budding to control the temperature at 5-10°C and the relative humidity was controlled at 80%. When the length of the mushroom body is as long as 15-20 cm, it can be harvested. Management details can be consulted: Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd. telephone toll-free hotline
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