Sweet potato black rot, also known as sweet potato black shank, has become increasingly prevalent in certain regions due to improper introduction of planting materials, continuous cropping, and inadequate farming practices. This disease significantly impacts the income of farmers by reducing both the yield and quality of their crops. At the early stages of infection, the epidermis of the tubers develops pale brown spots that gradually expand into irregular patches with dark gray to black discolorations. Although these lesions do not penetrate deeply into the tissue, they severely affect the appearance of the sweet potatoes, thereby lowering their market value and commercial appeal.
The disease is primarily spread through infected seed potatoes, soil, and plant debris. It tends to occur more frequently in low-lying areas, clay soils, and during years with heavy rainfall. The pathogen can remain viable in the soil for over two to three years and can also be transmitted through infected seeds. Once established, it is difficult to eradicate, making prevention a crucial aspect of management.
To control sweet potato black shank, an integrated approach is essential. Farmers should use certified disease-free seed potatoes and cultivate healthy seedlings. After harvest, any diseased tubers and leftover plant debris must be removed from the field to prevent further spread. Crop rotation with non-host plants such as sorghum or using raised beds can help reduce disease incidence. Proper drainage is also important—water should be drained immediately after rain to avoid waterlogging. Additionally, applying well-composted organic fertilizers can improve soil structure and enhance microbial activity, which in turn helps suppress the pathogen and increase crop resilience. By combining these practices, farmers can effectively manage this destructive disease and protect their yields and profits.
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