Sweet potato black rot, also known as sweet potato black shank, has become increasingly prevalent in certain regions due to improper introduction of planting materials, continuous cropping, and unsuitable farming practices. This disease significantly impacts the income of local farmers. The infection primarily affects the root cortex, and in the early stages, pale brown spots appear on the surface of the sweet potato tubers. These spots gradually expand into irregular patches with grayish-black to black discolorations. Although the lesions do not penetrate deeply into the tissue, the aesthetic quality of the sweet potatoes is severely reduced as the surface damage spreads, which greatly lowers their market value.
The disease is mainly spread through infected seed potatoes, soil, and plant debris. It tends to occur more frequently in low-lying areas, clay soils, and during years with heavy rainfall. The pathogen can survive in the soil for over 2–3 years and can also be carried through infected seedlings. Therefore, it's crucial to implement effective management strategies to prevent its spread.
To control sweet potato black rot, a comprehensive approach is essential. Farmers should use certified disease-free seed potatoes and cultivate healthy seedlings. After harvest, any diseased tubers, along with remaining stems and leaves, should be removed from the field. Crop rotation for at least three years is recommended, and planting crops like sorghum or using raised beds can help improve drainage. It's important to drain water promptly after rain to avoid waterlogging. Additionally, applying well-rotted organic fertilizers can enhance soil structure and reduce the survival rate of the pathogen. By adopting these measures, farmers can effectively manage the disease and protect their yields.
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