The apple tree's growth cycle begins with germination, during which the roots start to absorb water and nutrients. This root activity can continue until the end of April. The main factors that influence the onset and intensity of root absorption are the tree’s stored nutrients and the temperature of the soil. Trees that experienced a "big year" the previous season—meaning they produced a heavy crop—often have reduced root activity in the following spring, known as the "new year tree." These trees tend to develop new roots later and in smaller quantities. To support early growth, it's important to increase the tree’s stored nutrients and use mulch film to raise soil temperature, which helps accelerate root absorption. This is crucial for promoting bud break, leaf expansion, fruit set, and overall tree health.
For trees that had a "small year" due to low storage nutrients (because the previous year was a "big year"), root activity in spring is limited. The nutrients absorbed by the roots alone may not be sufficient to meet the tree’s needs. Applying fertilizer externally before or after germination can help compensate for this deficiency, improving fruit set and supporting early growth.
After mid-April, the number of growth roots increases, reaching its peak by mid-May and continuing until the spring shoots stop growing. Trees that are weak or show poor growth can benefit from top-dressing before the root growth peak, which helps stimulate new shoot development and restore tree vitality. For varieties like Wang Changshu, it’s essential to manage fertilizer and water carefully to suppress excessive shoot growth and encourage flowering instead.
From late May to July, the tree enters its summer root growth peak. This is the period when the most new roots develop and last the longest. It’s also the critical time for flower bud differentiation. Trees that are vigorous or were "new year trees" should receive timely top-dressing to support this process.
In late August, as the summer shoots begin to fall, the tree enters its autumn root growth peak. The occurrence of these roots is heavily influenced by the tree’s load and the condition of its leaves. If leaves drop too early or there are too many, the formation of autumn roots is significantly reduced. Autumn root development is closely linked to the tree’s nutrient reserves. Applying fertilizer in the fall promotes the growth of autumn roots, which enhances the tree’s nutrient storage and overall health for the next growing season.
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