According to the author's experiment, proper pruning of pepper plants can significantly boost production by 15-20%, making it one of the most effective methods for increasing yield. Typically, each pepper plant develops four main branches. As summer approaches, these branches produce eight lateral shoots. If left unmanaged, the dense growth creates a "swarm of bees" effect, leading to reduced fruit size, fewer fruits, and increased fruit drop. Additionally, this overcrowding can promote various diseases, which severely affect both quality and yield.
To address this, it is essential to remove those eight side branches. This improves air circulation and light exposure, reduces disease risk, and allows the plant’s energy to be directed toward the four main branches. As a result, more fruits are produced, and the overall yield and income increase.
First, the timing of pruning is crucial. It should be done during the hot summer months, ideally between late July and mid-August. At this stage, the first harvest has already been completed, and the plants experience a smaller temperature difference between day and night, which is the optimal time for pruning to maximize yield.
Second, focus on the right areas. Prune at the top of the four main branches, and promptly cut off the eight lateral branches to maintain balance and prevent overgrowth.
Third, use sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts. Avoid tearing or bending branches by hand, as this can damage the plant and increase the risk of infection. During the process, remove any diseased or pest-infested branches, drooping branches that have already produced many fruits, and broken branches caused by poor management. All cut branches should be removed from the field, especially those with pests, to prevent the spread of disease.
Finally, after pruning, it's important to intensify field management. Regular weeding and early detection of pests and diseases are necessary. Apply 10 kg of urea per acre as a top dressing to support growth and fruiting. In case of drought, water the plants along with the fertilizer to ensure its effectiveness. You can also apply foliar fertilizers every 7 days, up to 2-3 times. Each application should include 250 grams of urea and 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, diluted in 75 kg of water. Spraying is best done in the evening, either on cloudy or sunny days, to ensure even coverage and better absorption.
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