At present, apple, pear, and kiwi trees are in a vigorous growth phase, which is the most critical period in their annual growth cycle. During this time, young fruits continue to develop, flower buds begin to form, and root activity reaches its second peak. However, this stage also brings increased risks from diseases and pests. Prolonged high temperatures can have severe negative effects on fruit trees, so it's essential for farmers to take proactive measures to protect their crops.
**Hazards of High Temperature and Drought**
1. High temperatures lead to atmospheric dryness, increasing water evaporation from the soil and causing drought conditions. This reduces available moisture for the trees, making them more vulnerable.
2. Under high heat and drought, the stomata on fruit tree leaves remain open, leading to excessive water loss from the foliage. This directly affects the development of young fruits and may result in "physiological fruit drop."
3. High temperatures and drought reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis while increasing respiration rates in the trees. This leads to lower accumulation of organic nutrients, which negatively impacts both fruit growth and the formation of flower buds.
4. Heat and dryness often cause scorching on stems and fruits, worsening the damage caused by pests such as powdery mildew, aphids, and leaf miners.
**Effective Measures to Alleviate Heat and Drought**
1. Implement proper irrigation and misting techniques. Farmers should dig trenches or drill holes in the ground to allow for deep watering. In the early morning or late evening, spraying the canopy with water helps improve the microclimate in the orchard and ensures the continued healthy growth of the trees.
2. Apply a 2% lime solution to the canopy or increase lime content when using Bordeaux mixture. Whitewashing the trunks can help reflect sunlight, reducing the risk of sunburn on the bark.
3. Regularly inspect fruit bags and ensure they are properly ventilated. Opening vents inside the bags helps lower internal temperatures, promoting better fruit development.
4. Use crop residues, weeds, or green manure to mulch around the trees or in shallow planting areas. This not only cools the soil but also minimizes water evaporation, maintaining optimal moisture levels for the roots.
By taking these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of high temperatures and drought, ensuring healthier and more productive fruit trees throughout the growing season.
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