At present, apple, pear, and kiwi trees are in a vigorous growth phase, which is the most critical period in their annual growth cycle. During this time, young fruits continue to expand, flower buds begin to form, and root activity reaches its second peak. However, this stage also brings increased risks from diseases and pests. Prolonged high temperatures can significantly harm fruit trees, so it's essential for farmers to take proactive measures.
**Hazards of High Temperatures and Drought**
1. High temperatures increase atmospheric dryness, accelerate water evaporation from crops, and reduce soil moisture, leading to drought conditions.
2. When leaves are exposed to heat and dryness, their stomata remain open, increasing transpiration and causing more water loss. This directly affects the development of young fruits, potentially resulting in "physiological fruit drop."
3. High temperatures and drought reduce photosynthesis while increasing respiration in fruit trees, which hampers the synthesis and accumulation of organic nutrients. This negatively impacts both fruit development and flower bud differentiation.
4. Heat and drought often cause sunburn on stems and fruits, worsening the damage caused by pests like powdery mildew, leafhoppers, and leaf miners.
**Effective Measures to Alleviate Heat and Drought**
1. Implement irrigation and misting techniques. Farmers should dig trenches or use hole infiltration methods to ensure deep watering. Watering the canopy early in the morning or late in the evening helps improve the garden’s microclimate and supports healthy tree growth.
2. Spray a 2% lime emulsion on the tree canopy, or increase lime content when using Bordeaux mixture. Whitewashing the trunks can reflect sunlight, helping to prevent "sunscald" on the bark.
3. Regularly check fruit bags, ensure proper ventilation, and adjust vent holes to lower internal temperatures. This promotes better fruit development and reduces stress on young fruits.
4. Use crop straw, weeds, or green manure to mulch around the trees or in shallow planting trays. This helps lower ground temperature and minimizes water evaporation, keeping the root zone cooler and more moist.
By taking these steps, farmers can protect their orchards from the adverse effects of heat and drought, ensuring better yields and healthier fruit trees in the long run.
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