The author has been involved in the cultivation of hemp walnuts for many years and has accumulated extensive management experience. Below is an introduction to the key practices for managing hemp walnuts during July and August.
**First, Water and Fertilizer Management**
Watering during this period should be carefully controlled. By July, the fruit size has largely stabilized and entered the shell hardening stage. At this point, excessive watering can lead to white shells and whitish tips on the fruit, which negatively affects the appearance and marketability, especially for varieties like "chicken heart," "children's cap," and "lion head." These are particularly sensitive to moisture levels.
If heavy rainfall occurs over the next two months, waterlogging in orchards or low-lying areas can cause poor ventilation, hinder root respiration, and even lead to root suffocation and rot. In such cases, leaves and fruits may fall off, and in severe situations, trees may die. To prevent this, drainage ditches and trenches should be dug immediately. For individual trees where water cannot drain effectively, placing burned briquettes around the base of the trunk can help absorb excess moisture and improve survival chances.
Unfruitful saplings also require less water. By this time, 60% of the top growth and flower buds have already differentiated. Overwatering can promote excessive vegetative growth, leading to a second flush of shoots that may damage female buds and reduce fruiting potential. It can also cause the main stem to grow too tall, making it difficult to manage. If there is no rain during the flood season, light irrigation should be done in early August based on tree condition.
Fertilization should be limited during this period. Walnut trees generally do not require much fertilizer in July and August, especially nitrogen-based topdressing. Some growers mistakenly believe that applying fertilizer after rain is beneficial, but this can be dangerous. Trees grafted for three to four years should only receive organic manure. If it rains and then becomes sunny, the tree could die within five days due to overstimulation. Topdressing at this stage can result in soft shells, thin green skin, and poor nut development. For saplings, it can cause "running bar" growth, leading to poor fruiting the following year.
To improve nut quality and accelerate flower bud development, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and PBO every half month starting in July is recommended. If black spots appear on the trunk, and pressing them releases black liquid, a mixture of 0.3% wheel rot (9281) and 0.3% PBO solution should be sprayed three times. This helps harden the shell, enrich the kernel, increase weight, and delay the growth of fruit branches.
**Second, Grafting and Pruning**
Inspired by the "Green Branch Grafting" technique used for apple trees, we conducted a two-year green branch grafting experiment on hemp walnut trees, which was successful. Within a month, the grafted scion can grow to 10 leaves and exceed the stock in thickness. This method is ideal for grafting dead trees in spring.
For grafting, select scions from the "lion’s head" variety, known for its attractive appearance, strong vigor, and disease resistance. The scion should be cut from the base, leaving two small leaves. Use a sharp blade to gently remove the outer layer and shape it into a wedge. Cut the rootstock and insert the scion into a smooth node. Align the scion with the rootstock without using plastic ties—only hairpins are used to secure the graft. After two or three days, if the graft remains upright, it will start growing within 20 days. Once the tender shoot appears, prune the buds and encourage new growth. If the scion is thin, ensure the inner bark is preserved and avoid touching the outer layer. The 2–3 cm portion of the bud should be wrapped with a plastic strip to prevent moisture loss.
**Third, Pest and Disease Control**
Hemp walnuts are prone to various diseases and pests. Here are some simple control methods.
**Disease Prevention:**
Black spot disease is common during the rainy season. Symptoms include black spots on leaves that eventually cause premature leaf drop and fruit rot. Affected varieties include "children’s cap" and "Haihuashan Lion Head." Control involves pruning diseased branches, removing infected fruit, and spraying 50% thiophanate-methyl or tetrodotoxin at 500–800 times dilution every 15 days for three applications. Brush the affected areas with the same solution and repeat every 10 days.
**Powdery Mildew:**
This disease affects leaves and young shoots, causing white powdery patches and yellow spots. It mainly affects the "Tiger" variety. Preventive measures include proper fertilization, irrigation, and removal of infected leaves. Spraying 25% wettable powder at 500–800 times dilution twice, 10 days apart, is effective.
**Pest Control:**
In July and August, monitor for grasshoppers, small giardia, and American white moths. Chloro-cyanide polyester can be used for prevention and control.
By implementing these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health, yield, and quality of their hemp walnut crops.
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