Fruit thinning is the second key step in managing the economic yield of apple trees following the initial process of blossom thinning. Its purpose is similar to that of blossom thinning: it involves removing excess fruits that exceed the tree's capacity to support, ensuring that the tree's fruit production aligns with its available nutrients and energy. Proper thinning helps increase fruit size, improve fruit shape index, enhance color development, and ensure consistent yields year after year.
Manual fruit thinning typically starts one week after flowering and should be completed within 20 days of bloom. The process is usually carried out in two stages. The first round is called post-bloom thinning, while the second stage determines the final number of fruits on the tree, often referred to as "setting fruit." The first thinning occurs 6 to 10 days after flowering, focusing on removing dense or overcrowded fruits within each flower cluster. The second thinning takes place 10 to 20 days after flowering, just before the fruits are bagged. During this phase, unattractive, misshapen, small, or poorly developed fruits should be removed to promote better quality and uniformity.
There are several methods for setting fruit, including thinning by branch, by leaf count, or by distance. Thinning by distance is the most straightforward approach. When done this way, one fruit is typically left every 30 to 50 cm along the one-year-old branches or pendant shoots. This spacing ensures adequate sunlight exposure, reduces competition among fruits, and supports optimal growth and development. By carefully selecting which fruits to keep and which to remove, growers can significantly improve both the quantity and quality of their apple harvest.
Knee Joint
Total knee replacement is for patients with severe pain and/or severe joint disability due to osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or previous implant failure.
The total knee joint system consists of femoral condylar , tibial tray,tibial insert and patella.The femoral condylar and tibia tray are made of Co-Cr-Mo in accordance with the quality standards.Tibial insert and patella are made of UHMWPE containing PBHP antioxidants.
The revision knee system is suitable for cemented total knee replacement in patients with severe joint pain or severe disability due to osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis, moderate knee varus, varus, or flexion deformity of the knee, avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle, previous failed knee replacement, osteotomy, or other knee surgery.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a practical and effective method for the treatment of serious knee arthropathy. However, attention should be paid to the selection of indications, the correction of joint internal and external inversion and flexion deformity, and the correct placement of tibial prosthesis to reduce the loosening of tibial prosthesis. At the same time, early functional exercise should be carried out to reduce postoperative complications. Total knee arthroplasty (TKR) provides an effective treatment for patients with severe knee arthrosis.
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