Hybrid cattle fattening technology

Properly Selecting and Raising Feedlot Cattle When raising feedlot cattle, it's essential to choose the right crossbred bulls from foreign breeds as sires for improved genetics. Focus on selecting cows that have high limbs, a long body shape, soft and elastic skin, lean muscles, clear bone structure, and a wide but not overly full frame. These characteristics indicate strong growth potential and better fattening results. Choose cattle between 2 to 4 years old, weighing 300 to 350 kg. These animals are ideal for feeding because they have a high appetite, gain weight quickly, and reach market weight in a shorter time, improving cash flow. Optimize Feed Utilization Adjust the roughage-to-concentrate ratio based on the stage of fattening. During the first 30 days, use a 3:7 to 1:1 ratio of roughage to concentrate, with a crude protein level of 12%. In the next 70 days, adjust the ratio to 6:4 with 11% crude protein. For the last 10 to 20 days, increase the concentrate ratio to 7:3 or 8:2, with 10% crude protein in the concentrate. In the final 10 days, ensure each cow consumes 4–5 kg of concentrate daily, while allowing free access to roughage. Feed processing is crucial. Crush grains like corn to a size above 1 mm, and sorghum to about 1 mm. Cut and crush roughage into lengths of 5–10 mm for better digestion. Incorporate industrial by-products such as brewer’s grain and starch slag into the diet. These can replace up to 90% of the concentrate. For example, feed 15–20 kg of brewers' grain per cow daily, along with 150 g baking soda, 100 g urea, and 100 g of a cattle premix. Similarly, use 10–15 kg of starch slag, bean curd residue, or other by-products with the same additives. Leverage silage and ammoniation techniques. Silage corn is an excellent feed for finishing cattle. When using silage, you can achieve higher weight gains with less concentrate. Add 2% urea (based on dry matter) to improve quality and performance. Improve Feeding Techniques Use a restricted feeding method during the early stages of fattening, then switch to free-choice feeding in the later stages. This approach improves feed efficiency by about 5%. Separate males and females during feeding. Bulls typically gain 10% more weight than heifers, while calves gain 10% more than cows. However, castrated bulls may experience slower growth if not managed properly. Avoid long-term drug use for castration due to residues and health concerns. Incorporate urease inhibitors in the diet to enhance daily weight gain. Maintain good hygiene and disease prevention practices. Regularly control internal and external parasites, and monitor for infectious diseases. Slaughter cattle when they reach around 500 kg. Beyond this weight, daily gains decrease, feed costs rise, and profitability drops. Use scientific feeding formulas. For example, a formula based on silage corn (wet weight) could include 80% silage, 18% corn, and 2% cottonseed meal. For growing beef cattle weighing 300 kg, use 1.5 kg corn, 15 kg fresh distiller’s grains, 2.5 kg straw, 70 g urea, 30 g salt, and 100 g of a premix. Since distiller’s grains have low degradable protein, adding urea helps balance nitrogen levels. For cattle under 300 kg, a formula might include 61 kg corn, 15 kg wheat bran, 20 kg cottonseed, 1 kg salt, and 1 kg bone meal. Provide 100 g of premix per day, 2 kg of concentrate, and free access to roughage. For cattle over 300 kg, use 70 kg corn, 13 kg bran, 15 kg cottonseed cake, 1 kg salt, and 1 kg bone meal. Offer 100 g of premix daily, 3–3.5 kg of concentrate, and allow free grazing on roughage.

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