Yak delivery: When a cow is giving birth, it's crucial to check the position of the calf. If the fetal position is normal, allow the cow to deliver naturally without pulling. Once the calf is born, immediately clear its nostrils and remove mucus from its mouth to prevent it from entering the trachea. Gently press the lungs to help the calf breathe better. Then, cut the umbilical cord about 10 cm from the abdomen and soak it in 5% iodine for 1–2 minutes to disinfect. It's also important to clean any remaining amniotic fluid from the cow’s body.
Providing colostrum quickly is essential: Calves should be given colostrum within 1–2 hours after birth, at 6% of their body weight. A second feeding should occur between 6–9 hours post-birth. To preserve nutrients, never use open flames to warm colostrum—use a hot water bath instead.
Proper feeding of calves includes several key factors: (1) Quality—avoid low-quality or spoiled milk, and never feed milk from cows with mastitis. (2) Quantity—adjust based on 8–10% of the calf’s body weight. During the first two months, feed 5 kg per day for the first 7 days, 6 kg from day 8–20, 5 kg from day 21–40, 4.5 kg from day 41–50, and 3.7 kg from day 51–60. Total intake should be around 300 kg over the period. (3) Temperature—keep milk at 34–36°C in summer and 36–38°C in winter. (4) In the first week, offer high-quality hay so the calf can chew freely. (5) By day 10, start introducing concentrates. Initially place a small amount (10–20g) near the calf’s mouth or in the milk bucket, gradually increasing to 80–100g. (6) At one month, feed 250–300g; by two months, increase to about 500g. (7) After one week, introduce water. Start with a small amount of warm liquid to encourage drinking, then switch to 36–37°C water for the next 10 days, followed by regular water that shouldn't be below 15°C.
Weaning techniques: Calves are typically weaned at two months, fed three times daily. Healthy calves can transition to two meals a day at 40 days and one meal a day at 50 days. Weaning may cause temporary weight loss, which is normal. Keep the calf in a separate pen for 10 days after weaning to ensure it no longer needs feeding.
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