In early spring, after the spring equinox and when there's no strong wind, it's time to conduct a comprehensive inspection of all bee colonies. Remove any excess empty supers to make the bees more compact. Clear away wax at the bottom of the hive to reduce the risk of mite breeding. If the colony is too sparse, feed them immediately. Ensure that each hive has a queen. For weak colonies with less than three boxes, they can be combined with stronger colonies in the same hive. Use iron mesh boards to separate the two hives, keeping them close together and leaving their entrances open.
Strengthen insulation by reducing the size of the hive entrance to 2-3 cm. Maintain a gap of 8-9 mm between the brood frames. Insulate the outer space of the divider board and inner cover with hay cushions. From March to April, gradually remove the insulation curtain from the outside inward. Mountain areas should delay this process compared to lowland areas, and weaker colonies should be insulated later than stronger ones.
Before expanding the brood nest, especially during the rape flower bloom, monitor the colony’s strength and provide timely feeding. When many new foraging bees start leaving the hive, add fine empty supers between existing ones. Once the eggs are laid, add another empty super. In case of cold weather, temporarily pause adding supers. Bees often chew on old combs in late winter—cut off the darkened parts and let worker bees repair them, encouraging the queen to lay eggs. When the colony reaches 6-7 frames of bees and brood, and white wax appears in the corners, add a new brood frame promptly to create more space. Lightly spray a small amount of syrup on both sides of the hive, placing it inside and outside the supers. Chinese bees are skilled at building natural comb, and the queen prefers to lay eggs on new, clean combs.
When larvae increase in the hive, and the brood nest becomes overcrowded, the queen may stop laying eggs or reduce her output. Excess nurse bees may cause the hive temperature to rise, leading to the appearance of drone cells and queen cells. On clear, warm days, the colony may naturally swarm.
As the Italian bee colony grows, move it to an 8-9 frame setup. Add an empty box as a new brood area when needed. As the colony expands, continue adding empty supers or frames. Collect nectar sources such as Ziyunying. By the first half of the week, each colony should have 10-12 supers and 14 frames of bees. Before sealing, cover the supers and place them in the hive. Put the eggs, brood, and other essential components into the hive box, along with 2 empty supers and the queen. Insert a queen excluder between the hive box and the supers. Once the supers are removed, the space will be available for new comb. If the colony has fewer than 14 frames, adjust the young bees and seal the hive to help build up the population.
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