In modern aquaculture, fish and shrimp ponds face significant challenges due to high-density farming practices. This method disrupts the natural ecological balance, leading to the accumulation of waste materials such as excrement, uneaten feed, and plankton remnants. These organic substances are not fully utilized by other organisms in the pond and instead rely mainly on microbial decomposition. Typically, only about half or less of the nutrients from the feed are actually used for the growth of fish and shrimp, while the rest becomes organic waste that settles at the bottom of the pond.
Initially, when the biomass is low, the water contains minimal organic matter and sufficient dissolved oxygen. Aerobic bacteria break down the organic material into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts like nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates. These nutrients support the growth of algae, which in turn provide oxygen for both the fish/shrimp and the decomposition process. This creates a balanced and healthy environment for aquatic life.
However, as the cultivation period progresses, more organic matter accumulates. The decomposition process consumes dissolved oxygen rapidly, leading to anaerobic conditions. In this environment, harmful anaerobic bacteria thrive, causing incomplete breakdown of organic matter. This results in the production of toxic substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, amines, and organic acids, which can be detrimental to fish and shrimp health, potentially leading to disease and even mass mortality.
To address this issue, it's essential to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the water, allowing them to establish dominance over harmful ones. This helps maintain a stable and healthy aquatic environment. Water quality conditioners specifically designed for fish and shrimp farming have proven effective in improving water clarity, reducing sludge buildup, and fostering a more favorable ecological balance. By supporting the growth of beneficial microbes, these conditioners play a crucial role in sustainable aquaculture.
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