Silicon fertilizer is a type of mineral fertilizer primarily composed of calcium silicate, also known as silicon calcium fertilizer or silicon calcium and magnesium fertilizer. It has a slightly alkaline nature, is insoluble in water but dissolves in acids. The physical appearance of silicon fertilizer varies depending on its raw materials, typically appearing as white, beige, or black powder. It is non-toxic, odorless, non-corrosive, and does not degrade easily. Its density ranges from 2,000 to 5,000 kg/m³, and it mainly consists of amorphous glass minerals. The primary components include CaSiO₃, Ca₂SiO₄, Mg₂SiO₄, and Ca₃Mg(SiO₄)₂, along with trace elements such as manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cobalt (Co).
Silicon fertilizer plays a crucial role in increasing crop yield and improving soil quality. It functions not only as a nutrient source but also as a soil conditioner, while offering additional benefits like disease prevention, pest control, and stress reduction. Here are some of the key advantages:
1. Silicon is an essential nutrient for plants, with many crops containing high levels of silicon. For instance, producing 1,000 kg of rice requires about 150 kg of SiOâ‚‚, which surpasses the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed by the plant. As yield increases, more silicon fertilizer is needed to maintain productivity.
2. When absorbed by plants, silicon forms silicified cells that strengthen cell walls, resulting in taller, sturdier stems and leaves. This improves light interception, enhances photosynthesis, and promotes better growth. It also increases chlorophyll content, extends the growing period, and supports overall plant development.
3. The formation of silicified cells thickens the cell walls and strengthens the epidermis, making plants more resistant to pests and diseases. This is particularly effective against rice blast, planthoppers, leaf spot, stem rot, and other common crop diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
4. Silicon enhances the strength of the base of plant stalks, improves the rigidity of vascular tissues, and boosts root oxygenation. This helps prevent early aging, root rot, and lodging, especially in high-yielding rice varieties.
5. Silicon regulates stomatal opening and closing, improving water use efficiency. This makes crops more resilient to drought, dry hot winds, and cold stress, enhancing their survival under adverse conditions.
6. It reduces the fixation of phosphate fertilizers in the soil, increases the availability of phosphorus, and improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers, leading to higher seed-setting rates.
7. Silicon enhances pollen viability and increases fruit set in fruits and melons, contributing to better yields and quality.
8. As a health-promoting fertilizer, silicon improves soil structure, increases cation exchange capacity, accelerates organic matter decomposition, and suppresses harmful bacteria.
9. Silicon is a quality-enhancing element that improves the color, aroma, taste, and storage life of agricultural products, making them more marketable.
10. Silicon fertilizer can mitigate heavy metal pollution in farmland, helping to reduce contamination from cadmium, lead, and other toxic metals. It also prevents damage caused by hydrogen sulfide and methane to crop roots, especially in areas where sewage irrigation or sludge application is common.
In summary, silicon fertilizer offers multiple benefits, from boosting crop yields and improving soil health to protecting plants from pests and environmental stresses. Its multifunctional properties make it a valuable tool in sustainable agriculture.
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