Nutritional Value and Fermentation of Rabbit Manure
The amount of feces produced by rabbits varies depending on factors such as breed, body weight, physiological condition, diet composition, and feeding practices. This leads to significant differences in the measured results across regions. In 1986, Chen Xuezhi found that an adult rabbit consumed 120 grams of concentrate, 600 grams of grass, and excreted about 25 grams of manure per day, resulting in approximately 10 kilograms of rabbit waste annually. By 1989, Xu Huai-ran reported that each rabbit produced between 60 and 140 grams of hard manure daily, with an average of 100 grams, totaling around 36.5 kilograms per year. Considering a 50% moisture content, this translates to about 18 kilograms of dry manure per rabbit annually. In 1980, Soviet researcher Karyuh studied the fecal output of rabbits with different weights and feeding methods, finding that a 2.33 kg rabbit excreted an average of 93.3 grams of feces daily when fed 110 grams of pellet feed. When fed unlimited pellets, the average was 64.1 grams, and when combined with green hay powder, it increased to 89.3 grams.
In 1980, British scientist Elemele et al. analyzed rabbit feces and found it contained approximately 19% crude protein. According to "The Practical Rabbit Study" published in the U.S. in 1984, air-dried rabbit feces had a moisture content of 7.9%, with 92.1% dry matter. The anhydrous material contained 20.3% crude protein, 5.7% digestible protein, 2.6% ether extract, 16.6% crude fiber, 40.7% nitrogen-free extract, and 10.7% minerals. Based on research from 1980 by Soviet scholar KanyruH, fresh rabbit manure contained 7.56% crude protein and 13.50% in its dry form, while crude fiber was 13.54% and 31.3%, respectively. Crude ash was 3.43% and 7.02%, and extracts were 22.34% and 45.09%. It also included 0.60% lysine, 0.23% histidine, 0.29% arginine, 0.85% aspartic acid, 0.37% threonine, 0.39% serine, 0.37% glutamic acid, 0.83% valine, 0.53% glycine, 0.49% alanine, 0.53% proline, 0.42% isoleucine, 1.61% leucine, 0.25% tyrosine, and 0.44% phenylalanine. Each 100 grams of dry rabbit manure contains 29 micrograms of vitamin B12, 1167 micrograms of vitamin B6, 445 micrograms of vitamin PP, 1796 micrograms of vitamin B3, and 89 micrograms of vitamin B1. Fresh rabbit manure and its dry matter contain 0.46% and 1.01% calcium, 0.40% and 0.88% phosphorus, 0.15% and 0.32% sulfur, 0.25% and 0.50% potassium, and 0.06% and 0.12% sodium, respectively. These findings show that rabbit feces are rich in nutrients.
However, fresh rabbit manure has high moisture content and an unpleasant odor, often containing eggs and contaminants. Due to these drawbacks, it is not suitable for direct use as chicken manure, leading to low utilization rates and poor digestion. After fermentation using Yerida complex microecological preparations, the available protein content can increase more than double, reaching up to 17%. The conversion rate of other nutrients can also be doubled or even higher.
To prepare fermented rabbit manure, first collect healthy, slightly dried rabbit feces, then shred them (do not use feces from sick rabbits). Mix 200 parts of rabbit manure with 1 part of livestock and poultry manure and 1 part of brown sugar, adding water to reach a moisture level of 30–35% (adjust based on dryness).
Fermentation Method:
(1) Anaerobic Fermentation
Use semi-underground cement pools, ceramic containers, or earthen pits lined with plastic sheets. Ensure they are tightly sealed. Fill with the mixture.
Operation: Mix the ingredients thoroughly. Fill the container 30–40 cm below the rim, cover with plastic film, and add 20–30 cm of soil on top to seal it tightly.
(2) Open Container Fermentation
Seal the container and ferment for 3–10 days in summer and 15 days in winter. Remove surface dirt before feeding, starting from the top down. After use, reseal the pit to prevent air exposure and contamination.
(3) Precautions
A. Dilute livestock and poultry manure with equal amounts of brown sugar.
B. Fermented livestock feed may have a distinct smell. Most animals can eat it without issues, but some may prefer it after a few days.
1. Effect of Feeding Rabbit Manure to Pigs: In 1986, Wang Kejian reported that farmers in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, crushed rabbit urine and added it to pig feed. The pigs showed good palatability and no adverse effects. In 1983, Yu Yuqun noted that in Donghe County, Jiangsu Province, 102 pigs were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received 10%, 20%, and 30% rabbit manure, respectively. The control group gained 7.5 kg/month, used 24.97 kg of feed, and consumed 3.33 kg of feed per kilogram of weight gain. The experimental groups gained 8.4 kg/month, used 18.35 kg of feed, and consumed 2.37 kg per kilogram of weight gain, saving 1.92 kg of barley per kilogram. In 1985, Tang Shihao at Shanghai Agricultural College found that the feed-to-meat ratio was 1.91:1 in the experimental group versus 2.87:1 in the control group, indicating significant savings in concentrate. Similar results were reported in Hebei province in 1985 and 1987.
2. Effect of Feeding Rabbit Manure to Chickens: In 1986, Wang Ke reported that Li Guozheng in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, mixed fresh rabbit manure with chicken feed. The chickens accepted it well and showed good performance. In 1979, American scientists tested 102 day-old broiler chicks, dividing them into four groups. The control group had no rabbit manure, while the others received 10%, 15%, and 20% replacements with dried rabbit manure. After 8 weeks, all groups had similar weight gains, with feed efficiency ratios of 1.85, 2.10, 2.14, and 2.29, respectively. No significant differences were observed in slaughter rates.
3. Effect of Feeding Rabbit Manure to Rabbits: Rabbit manure contains 57 g of digestible crude protein per kg of dry matter, equivalent to half the protein content of alfalfa hay. When mixed with other feeds, it can be used as pelleted feed. In 1984, Hungary’s Veterinary University used 10–15% fermented rabbit manure in rabbit feed, achieving results comparable to the control group. In 1989, Sohlolaut reported that feeding 10% and 15% rabbit manure increased carcass weight by 1.9% and 3%, respectively.
4. Effect of Feeding Rabbit Manure to Fish: In 1985, Tong Ruicheng reported that using fermented rabbit manure in fish feed could replace about 20% of the feed, with positive results.
5. Effect of Feeding Rabbit Manure to Earthworms: As a high-protein feed, earthworm feces serve as an excellent fertilizer. Many studies have explored the use of rabbit manure for cultivating earthworms. Japan has extensive experience in this area, and China has conducted extensive research. Jin Mingxin reported in 1989 that cow, sheep, and rabbit manure combined with rice straw effectively cultivated earthworms. The formula included 20% cow dung, 20% pig manure, 30% dry grass, 20% sheep and rabbit silkworm excrement, and 20% hot soil. In 1982, Qian Jinkang proposed a mix of 55% manure (pig, sheep, rabbits, cattle, human) and 45% dry materials (weeds, sawdust, paper, garbage). In 1987, Ding Luhe reported that Daping No. 2 earthworms, cultured with fermented rabbit manure, achieved a proliferation rate of 90.73 times over 5–6 months, with an average weight gain of 42.75 times. The results were impressive.
After fermentation, rabbit manure can be preserved by compressing and sealing it with a tight plastic film. If properly sealed, it remains stable for long periods. For better storage, vacuum packaging machines can be used to extend shelf life beyond six months, making it easier for sale and transportation.
Greenhouse Film Electric Roll Up
The Greenhouse Film Manual Roll Up Unit can roll up a length of 60-80 meter, running stably with fine out side looking and long time of usage. The inside drive gears are made of high quality steel with fine workmanship, and what is more, there is lubricating bearing assembled on the out put and input shaft. At the meantime, there is also a group of reverse gear added to it. All these make the unit to be light and easy for
Greenhouse Film Electric Roll Up,Roll Up Curtain Greenhouse,Greenhouse Film Vent Roller,Greenhouse Roll Up Motor
JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.spgreenhouse.com