The summer tomato nursery is designed to produce healthy, vigorous seedlings ready for transplanting in mid-September. To ensure success, the following technical guidelines should be followed:
1. **Select High-Quality Seeds**
Choose early-adapting varieties that are disease-resistant, high-yielding, and of superior quality, such as Lufen 2, Zifen 65, Zaofeng, and Zaokui. In areas where virus diseases are more common, opt for mid- to late-maturing virus-resistant varieties like Qiang Mi Shou, Qiang Feng, Lufen No. 1, Shuangkang No. 2, and Zhongza No. 4. Ensure timely sowing and allow for two ear fruits after planting, with early topping to promote better growth.
2. **Choose a Suitable Nursery Site**
Select an area that has not been used for tomatoes, peppers, or other solanaceous crops in the past three years. The site should be easy to irrigate and drain, and avoid proximity to cucumber fields in virus-prone regions. Construct raised beds 1–1.5 meters wide, using well-decomposed organic matter to enrich the soil.
3. **Determine the Right Sowing Date**
In northern regions, late July to early August is typically ideal. Early sowing can lead to prolonged heat stress during the seedling stage, increasing disease risk. Delayed sowing may reduce disease pressure but could result in cold weather before fruit maturation, lowering yield. Adjust the sowing date based on local conditions—later for mild climates, earlier for medium- to late-maturing varieties, and later for early-maturing ones.
4. **Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment**
Soak seeds in a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes to neutralize viruses. Rinse thoroughly, then place them in warm water at 50°C, stir until cooled to 30°C, and soak for 3 hours. After draining, wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and keep them at room temperature for germination. Water them once daily to prevent mold. Once germinated, plant them in moist soil, covering with 1–1.5 cm of soil.
5. **Nursery Bed Management**
After sowing, use shade nets over the beds from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM on sunny days. Once seedlings emerge, spray insecticides like malathion or omethoate (diluted 800–1000 times) every 5–7 days to control aphids. Water appropriately when dry, and cover with plastic sheets during rainy days to protect the seedlings.
6. **Seedling Care and Transplanting Preparation**
When seedlings have 2–3 true leaves and reach 10–12 cm in height, they can be transplanted. Use well-prepared soil with added base fertilizer. For poor soil, mix 1 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per 33.3 square meters and incorporate it into the soil. Avoid overwatering and maintain proper moisture levels. Three to five days before transplanting, harden off the seedlings by reducing water and protecting them from rain to ensure strong, resilient plants for field planting.
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