First, chaos feeding additives: Practice has proved that the rational use of additives can improve the quality of egg shells. However, there are many kinds of feed additives used in our country. We must choose the additives that are suitable for the flock, so that we can make up for what we lack, and we can grasp the reasonable amount. Otherwise it will break the balance of various nutrients in the chicken body and the normal material metabolism, so that the eggshell thinning phenomenon.
Second, the lack of calcium and phosphorus in the diet: laying hens need a lot of calcium to form egg shells, calcium production will produce thin shell, soft shell eggs. A chicken feeds about 130 grams of feed every day, but the utilization of calcium in the feed is only 60%. Therefore, the calcium in the feed alone is not enough, and 3%-4% shell powder or high-quality lime must be added to the compound feed. , Stone chips, or the snail, egg shells, bones chopped and fed chickens to supplement calcium and phosphorus deficiency. Laying hens also need more phosphorus because egg yolk contains phosphorus. Phosphorus requirement in chicken diets was 0.6%, of which available phosphorus was 0.5%. The bone meal, calcium phosphate and other mineral feeds contain more calcium and phosphorus. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus is 2:1. It is the best calcium and phosphorus supplement feed for chickens.
Third, the lack of vitamin D: Vitamin D can promote calcium and phosphorus absorption and utilization, regulate blood calcium and phosphorus balance, is conducive to the formation of bones and eggshells. In the absence of vitamin D, even if there is sufficient calcium in the diet, calcium and phosphorus will be impaired in absorption and metabolism, resulting in small eggs, thin shells, soft shells, decreased egg production, and reduced hatching rate. Therefore, the feeding chickens must ensure that the birds bathe in sunlight for more than 2 hours every day and add appropriate amount of cod liver oil to supplement vitamin D.
Fourth, water: Water is not only a solvent for nutrients, but also one of the most important nutrients. Water plays a role in helping to digest, absorb, transport nutrients and metabolites, discharge waste, and regulate body temperature. Chickens and eggs contain about 64%-75% and about 70% moisture, respectively. Therefore, if the laying hens do not drink water for 24 hours, they will not produce eggs for 1 month, or the total egg production will decrease by about 30%, while the shells and soft shell eggs will increase significantly.
Fifth, the temperature is too high too low: the chicken eggs the most suitable ambient temperature is 13 °C -25 °C. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, the chicken body is difficult to dissipate, the appetite decreases, and the feed intake is low. Long-term high temperatures can destroy the nutritional balance of the chicken body, cause metabolic changes, weaken the thyroid gland's performance, lead to insufficient calcium, and reduce the ability of the eggshell to form in the uterus. At the same time, due to the hot weather, chickens breathe and breathe, and the body's carbonic acid increases, which also hinders the absorption and utilization of calcium. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation in the house. Feeding chickens with 0.5%-1.5% baking soda can increase eggshell strength and greatly reduce thin shell and soft shell eggs. On the contrary, when the temperature is lower than 5°C, the cold stress will stimulate the chicken and the shell will also become thinner. Therefore, a proper amount of protein feed and energy feed should be added to the diet so that the chickens can improve their cold resistance.
6, aflatoxin poisoning: feed often due to poor storage and mildew, chicken fed to the liver, kidneys, etc. are affected by aflatoxin, thus destroying the metabolism of vitamin D in the chicken body, leading to the weight of the chicken Relief, reduced feed remuneration, poor disease resistance, reduced egg production, and thinner and softer eggshells.
Seven, thyroid dysfunction: chicken in vivo thyroid dysfunction, will seriously affect the absorption and utilization of calcium, resulting in thin shell, soft shell eggs, fed 3-5 days thyroxine tablets can quickly make the eggshell hard.
VIII. Moulting effects: Physiological changes during the hen's moulting will also thin the eggshell and increase the number of broken eggs. Therefore, in the moulting period, the whole barley is used for the chickens to freely feed for 3-5 days, which can accelerate the moulting, quickly restore the production of eggs and improve the quality of the shell.
9. Physiological disorders during high-yield period: As a result of long-term continuous egg production, it is easy to cause the physiological dysfunction of hens to decline, often causing thin shells and producing soft shell eggs. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of feeds, feed animal protein feeds such as earthworms, and often keep the sun engaged, strengthen feeding and management, and prompt the egg-laying chickens to restore their physiological functions as soon as possible, so as to ensure the quality of egg production.
Tenth, the chicken is too big: The egg that the old age hen produces is larger, but the shell is relatively thin. Therefore, it is advisable that laying hens do not exceed 20 months. Otherwise, not only thin shells and soft shell eggs will increase year by year, but also economic benefits will be reduced.
In addition, infectious bronchitis, chicken gizzards, chicken gizzards, enteritis, and other diseases that damage the reproductive system can also cause chickens to produce thin shells and soft shell eggs, even more so if they contract coccidiosis. In view of the above problems, chicken quail vaccines, cholera bacteriophage vaccines, etc. should be vaccinated in time to drive insects regularly. Excessive density, poor sanitation, excessive habitats, and frightened chickens all lead to thin shells and soft shell eggs. Therefore, during the laying of chickens, chickens should avoid all kinds of adverse stress factors to ensure that the production of eggs and improve economic efficiency.
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