The general requirements for field management techniques in the middle and late stages of peanuts in this province are: adapting to local conditions, classifying and guiding, vigorously promoting new technologies such as green control, flexible control, and late harvest, actively promoting mechanized operations and specialized services, and effectively implementing water management. Key measures such as cultivating and cultivating soil, foliar spray fertilizer, rational control, disease prevention and control, and timely harvesting, effectively improve the quality of peanut population, promote fruit and fruit, and capture the harvest of peanuts.
First, strengthen water management, promote fruit and fruit fullness
The rainfall distribution in our province is very uneven, which seriously affects the growth and development of peanuts. Strengthening water management, ensuring proper soil moisture and promoting nutrient supply are important for improving the quality of peanut populations and promoting pod development.
(1) Pouring key water to improve the quality of the group. This year, the province's peanut seeding period is generally raining, the soil moisture is appropriate, and the seedling condition is generally good. However, it is still necessary to pay close attention to the weather changes. For example, if the peanuts encounter drought in the middle and late stages, it is necessary to timely pour the key water. First, the flowering needle water is poured, the flowering needle is promoted, the number of effective flowers and fruits (needle) is increased, and the mass of the group is improved. Generally, in spring peanut fields, when the leaves of the plants begin to turn white and appear wilting around noon, they need to be replenished. Single-grain high-yield high-yield fields, seedlings and strong flower buds, it is important to pour the flowering water to ensure that the number of effective flowers and fruits (needle) is increased in the late stage of the flower needle. Summer peanuts have a short needle period and cannot be affected by drought. The second is to pour the pod water, promote the expansion of the pods, and lay the foundation for fruit and fruit. The third is to pour the full fruit water, rooting to prevent premature aging of the plants and promote fruit filling.
(2) Do a good job of drainage to avoid damage. July and August are the rainy seasons in our province. The rainfall is concentrated and the rainfall is large, which often causes peanut damage. Therefore, we must do a good job of drainage and flood control, pay attention to the frequent cleaning of the ditch, so that the ditch and the ditch are connected, the drainage is smooth, and the occurrence of damage is avoided. In the hilly areas, you should dig the ditch under the ditch and dig the ditch in the field for drainage. The low-lying land should be dug the main ditch and the branch ditch to ensure the smooth discharge of water in the field.
(3) Promote water-saving irrigation technology and promote economical and efficient irrigation. Peanut field watering must not only grasp the timing of watering, but also pay attention to watering methods. Avoid flooding with water, which will waste water resources and affect the normal growth and development of peanuts. The coated peanuts can be intermittently filled with water. The exposed peanuts can be irrigated with water to reduce deep water leakage and soil evaporation, improve soil permeability and promote deep rooting, which has the advantages of both water saving and yield increasing. In addition, the use of drip irrigation can achieve better water-saving and yield-increasing effects. Watering after the pod-forming period, avoid the high temperature time of strong sunlight in the noon, so as not to cause rotten needles and rotten fruit.
Second, pay attention to cultivating the soil and promoting the results of the needle
The soil-cultivating fruit needle is a key measure to solve the difficulty of slipping needles and high-level fruit needles into the soil, which can significantly increase the number of effective needles and improve the quality of the group. Spring peanuts should be cultivated before the peanuts are sealed in the field during the full bloom period. It is necessary to actively promote mechanized operation and specialized service, combined with weeding and topdressing, and cultivating soil for cultivating can use the cultivator with fertilizer application to complete the processes of cultivating and weeding, deep application of topdressing and soil cultivation. The soil should be cleaned, soiled, ridged, and ridged, so that more fruit needles can be found in the soil.
Third, timely supplement nutrients to prevent premature aging
The mulched peanut plants grow vigorously, the function of roots to absorb nutrients is enhanced, the number of results increases, and the nutrient is consumed during the pod-forming period. The de-fertilization phenomenon often occurs in the later stage, leading to early leaves and premature senescence of the leaves, affecting pod enlargement and yield formation. It is necessary to timely supplement the nutrients. One is to ditch and topdress. In combination with watering, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied in the ditch to advance 10-15 kg per mu, and then the ditch is watered to allow the fertilizer to quickly infiltrate into the soil in the ridge. The second is the top dressing. In the late stage of pod formation, spray a mixture of 120-150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 350-400 g of urea + 75% chlorothalonil WP 70-80 g per acre of leaf surface, and even 35 to 40 kg of fungicide. Spray 2 times at intervals of 10 to 15 days to prolong the life of peanut functional leaves. Third, the iron-deficient plot can be sprayed with 0.2% to 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution when the new leaves are yellow, and sprayed twice. The boron-deficient plot is sprayed with 0.1% to 0.25% boric acid or borax aqueous solution at the flowering stage. Zinc-deficient plots can be sprayed with 1% to 2% zinc sulfate solution at the flowering stage.
Fourth, timely control of pests and diseases, reduce production losses
In recent years, the occurrence of pests and diseases in the main peanut producing areas of our province has aggravated. Except for leaf spot disease, cockroaches and other common diseases, when the disease leaf rate reaches 10%, 30% diphenyl ether carbazole propiconazole is used. (Ai Miao) EC 20 ml or 60% pyraclostrobin Dyson water dispersible granules (Bai Tai) 16 g or 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 40 g, spray once every 10 to 15 days. It is also possible to use 8 billion units of Bacillus licheniformis 60 grams to 100 grams, or 28% carbendazim suspension 80 grams or 70% methyl thiophanate WP 100 grams or 45% dexamethasone wettable powder 100 grams. Add 50 kg of water spray to prevent and cure, and spray it again after 10 days. The above agents can be applied alternately and sprayed thoroughly. Rainy and hot weather pay attention to the rushing spray, such as rain after spraying, it is necessary to make up the spray in time. The second is to control underground pests based on cockroaches. When the amount of insects per square meter is 2 to 3, the following pesticides can be used for prevention and treatment. 10% mixed phosphorus powder granules, 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate, 40% chlorpyrifos EC, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, etc., according to the active ingredient 100 g / mu mixed with toxic soil, before or after rain When wet, the agent is concentrated and evenly applied to the soil surface of the main stem of the plant, and it is possible to control the adult insects feeding on the peanut leaves or to the roots of the peanut roots, and to treat other underground pests. You can also spray host plants with 1000% solution of 50% malathion EC, 40% Histamine sulphur cream, etc.; or use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate, 40% chlorpyrifos EC Wait 1000 times for liquid filling piers. Wherever possible, it is recommended to use insecticidal lamps and sexual attractants to trap and kill pests such as cockroaches. Third, pay attention to the use of pesticides that are prohibited by the state and that are highly toxic, highly residual, or have three (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic) effects.
Fifth, do a good job of flexible control to prevent plant growth
Under high-yield cultivation conditions, especially in the rainy season, peanut plants tend to grow and fall, and plant growth retardants can be used to inhibit stem and leaf growth, control and prolonging, and prevent lodging. In the most prosperous period from the late flowering stage to the early stage of pod-forming, the plant height can reach 35 cm. Uniconazole can be used in 40-50 g per mu (active ingredient 2.0-2.5 g) or strong-saturated 20-25 g per acre, plus water 35~ 40 kg, for foliar application. If the plant height reaches 45 cm after 15 days of the first control, it can be sprayed once more, and the plant height during the harvest period is controlled within 50 cm. The spray retarder should be sprayed evenly to avoid heavy spray, leak spray and rain after spraying. Excessive dosage affects the development of pods, making the fruit shape smaller, the shell thicker, the leaves prematurely dying, and the leaves are dying, and the leaf diseases are also aggravated. The high-yielding field can be combined with the control of pests and diseases for 2 to 3 times, and attention should be paid to appropriately reducing the amount of each chemical-controlled agent.
Sixth, grasp the timing of harvest, and implement the appropriate late harvest
On the basis of doing a good job of preventing premature aging and protecting leaves, it is necessary to combine the characteristics and growth conditions of different varieties to scientifically implement a suitable late harvest. In spring, the peanuts in the lower part of the main stem turn yellow and fall off, when there are 4 to 5 green leaves left in the upper part, or 70% to 80% of the pods in the lower part are hardened, the netting is clear, and the inner wall of the shell is blue-brown plaque. Choose the opportunity to harvest. Generally, high-yield peanut fields can be postponed until mid-September. Interplanting peanuts and wheat 茬 summer live peanuts can be postponed until early October.
This article URL: 2014 Shandong Province peanut middle and late stage management technical advice
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