Bitter gourd has high temperature and does not tolerate cold, so it brings certain difficulties to the production of solar greenhouse in winter. In recent years, the cultivation of balsam pear in the solar greenhouse through grafting technology can enhance the disease resistance of plants and make them safe for winter. The cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
Grafting technology
1. Seed treatment: Before sowing, soak in seeds with 50°C~55°C hot water, keep stirring and replenish hot water, keep the water temperature at this temperature for 15~20 minutes. After stirring to room temperature, soak the balsam pear seeds for 12 hours. It is 30°C~35°C. Pumpkin soaked for 6 to 8 hours, germination temperature 25 °C ~ 30 °C. Black-skinned squash is sown 1 to 2 days later and most of the seeds are sown when exposed. When the true leaves of the pumpkin are exposed, the bitter gourd is grafted for a suitable period of time.
2. Grafting adopts connection method: When grafting, planting with planting should be carried out. Immediately after the completion of the small arch cover, increase the temperature. Before the planting, the night temperature can be reduced to about 10°C for low-temperature hardening. 3. Colonization: Generally planted in early December. Combined with deep-sloped soil preparation, 100-150 kg per hectare of cooked cakes and 25 kg of diammonium are applied. Planting cover mulch.
Post-planting management
1. Temperature Management: For bitter gourd for winter and spring pods and overwintering pods, it is necessary to emphasize the closed greenhouse after planting, increase the temperature, and promote the easing of seedlings. Generally, the temperature during the sunny days can reach 30°C~35°C, and not less than 12°C~15°C during the night. After easing the seedlings, the temperature is gradually lowered to the normal temperature, that is, the sunny days are 20°C~25°C, and the nighttime is about 15°C.
2. Fertilizer and Water Management: When planting, the seedlings should be poured with stable seedling water. After autumn and winter hoeing and overwintering, after planting in the whole room, the water will be planted along the ditch, and the spring and spring watering will be carried out with 1 to 2 ramets watering. As a result, it was necessary to control the fertilizer and water before, and to promote the seedlings to grow steadily. Usually, the first time after the male flower is opened, the first time the fertilizer is recovered, and after the result, the fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the amount of fertilizer and water is gradually increased.
3. The introduction of the vine: The melon vine grows to about 30 centimeters, and it is necessary to insert it so that it can be introduced. Start vines can take S-shaped rise.
4. Plant adjustment: Bitter gourd is dominated by main vine guacamole. There are few side vines below 50 cm from the ground. Therefore, they must be removed in time for introduction. If the lateral branches grow too profusely and densely above the ground, they should be properly removed.
5. Keep flowers and fruits: The male flowers that can be opened the next day are picked in the afternoon of the first day and placed in an environment of about 25°C. The next morning at 8 to 9 o'clock, the male flower is torn off the corolla and the female stigma is gently pollinated. Usually 1 male flower is used to pollinate 3 female flowers, and do not harm female stigma when pollinating.
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