Thailand shell fish scientific name "cloud tip Jiantang". The rivers, reservoirs and lakes originating in Southeast Asia are plentiful in caves or crevices on the bottom of the water. They have a land area and their activities are close to their habitats. Their active feeding capacity is not strong and they are mostly active at night. The color of life is yellow-brown and easily discolored with the living environment. It can be used in acidic waters with a pH of 5 and brackish water with a salinity of 15.
Thai shell fish are warm-water fishes, with a suitable temperature range of 15 to 35°C, an optimal growth temperature of 25 to 30°C, and deaths at water temperatures below 10°C or above 36°C. Thai shellfish are carnivorous, but it is less ferocious than other carnivorous fish such as cod.
First, culture methods
1 Fishpond requirements. The common fish pond cultured with four domestic fish can be used for the cultivation of bamboo shellfish. Generally, it is required that the fish ponds can maintain a water depth of 1.5 to 1.8 meters and an area of ​​3 to 5 mu is ideal. In the early stage of cultivation, the fish species are relatively small and the fish ponds are relatively small. The water depth is maintained at about 1.2 meters. The growth is relatively good. With the growth of the fish species and the increase of the water temperature, the water depth is gradually increased to 1.5 to 1.8 meters, which is conducive to promoting the growth of fingerlings.
2 water quality requirements. Bamboo shellfish culture requires the transparency of the water body can not be too high, can be maintained at 25 to 30 cm, high transparency and slow growth, but also cause mutual killing; with a pH value of 6 to 7 is more ideal, slightly acidic water It is beneficial to increase the survival rate and promote the growth of bamboo shell fish. If the pH value is too high, it will cause the mucous surface of the fish to fall off and cause death.
3 Treatment of fishponds before seedlings. Before returning to seedlings, return 20 to 30 centimeters of water, use tea bran and add quicklime to splash and kill the miscellaneous fish and parasites in the pond.
4 Let go of seedlings. From the current situation of cultivation in the surrounding areas, the survival rate of seedlings is about 60% to 80%. Therefore, the amount of seedlings is generally larger, the specifications for the 3 to 5 cm, the amount of seedlings to 4000 ~ 4500, mu is appropriate; specifications for the 5 ~ 7 cm, the amount of seedlings to 3500 ~ 4000, mu is appropriate; specifications More than 7 cm, the amount of seedlings is 3000-3500, mu. When purchasing locally grown fry, the survival rate is higher and the risk of breeding is relatively small.
Feeding of 5 feeds. Thai shell fish can be fed with fresh fish or chilled fish. Because of the use of chilled fish, ice quality tends to deteriorate, with little success. At present, the Sanshui District generally adopts the method of feeding fresh fish to breed. Breeding practice shows that shellfish fry before 12 cm. Feeding sufficient and palatable live feeds is conducive to promoting growth and raising the survival rate of live aquaculture: live bait has red worms and carp “sprayâ€, and the method of feeding “spray†is; Put 10 million to 20 million tailed earthworms or Maitreya "water spray." This way, there are a lot of palatable feed fish for feeding after the shellfish fry under the pond; put 10 million to 20 million tail carp “spray†after putting bamboo shoot fry for about 10 days.
6 Grading culture. When most of the seedlings reach 12 centimeters or so, they should be stocked in a single size, otherwise the size difference will be more and more disparity, and there will be slaughter, affecting the survival rate of the culture. If there is only one fish pond, divide the fish pond into two before putting the seedlings out. Put the shellfish fry on the side and cultivate it first. When the fish is raised to about 12 centimeters, the large-sized (or small-sized) fry will be distributed to the other side. Restocking. This is conducive to promoting the growth of fry and improve the survival rate.
7 Winter. Bamboo shoot fish breeding cycle is generally more than 12 to 15 months, when the seedlings can not meet the market specifications (400 g / tail), so that in the winter when the water temperature dropped below 10 ° C, the shellfish fish will be frozen to death, so farming to In late October, we must take a heat preservation shed to cover the entire fish pond, so that the water temperature of the fish pond can be maintained above 15°C, so that the bamboo shellfish can survive winter safely.
8 daily management. Bamboo shell fish can breathe oxygen in the air, is resistant to hypoxia, and rarely suffers from hypoxic death. However, opening aerators properly to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen is beneficial to promoting their growth. The sudden change of the environment of the shell fish will produce strong stress reaction, even death, maintain good water quality, maintain relatively stable water environment of the fish pond, and play an important role in promoting the growth of the bamboo shoot fish and increasing the survival rate.
9 Wintering management. After the fish ponds are covered, the humidity in the fish ponds is relatively large, the air does not circulate, and it is easy to breed fungi, causing water mold or rot and causing death. It is also possible that nitrites are too high to cause poisoning death. Photosynthesis bacteria, EM bacteria and other microbial preparations can be used to regulate the water quality of fish ponds. Keep the transparency between 20 and 30 centimeters. During the winter, feed should be reduced to prevent excessive excrement and food residue from producing excessive toxic and harmful substances. The overwintering shed should not be dismantled too soon after the wintering period to prevent “cold spring†or low temperature rain directly into the pond. Causes the fishpond water temperature to drop suddenly and frostbite, this kind of situation does not have the medicine to be able to control, the bamboo shell fish will slowly die for a long time, generally will dismantle the wintering shed to be safer in late April.
Second, common diseases
1 body surface disease. Because of bamboo shellfish, the scales are comb-like and have strong barb tangling. When they catch each other, they rub against each other and cause epidermis operations to be difficult to detect and cause disease. This is caused by the low survival rate during transportation, diversion and division. main reason. The scraped fish can be soaked in a solution of 20 mg/elevated potassium manganate for 1 hour to disinfect the wound and disinfected with a disinfectant Quanchiposa.
2 Saprolegnia. The disease often occurs during the breeding period, the wintering season of fingerlings and broodstock. Control methods: During the cultivation of the seedlings, be careful to avoid damage to the fish body. In the wintering period, take a heat preservation shed. It is best to heat the water and maintain the water temperature above 17°C. Spill methylene blue on fish ponds and whole ponds that have already developed. The water content of methylene blue is 0.2 g/m3. Sprinkle once every 2 days.
3 Parasitic disease. Shellfish are not sensitive to parasites, and small amounts of parasites do not have much effect on them, but if the parasites multiply, they can cause bacterial diseases. Shellfish fish have strong anti-drug toxicity, and all kinds of commonly used aquatic pesticides can be used. Trichlorfon can use a concentration of 1 to 1.5 g/m3.
Third, pay attention to matters
1 Fishing operations. In the breeding process, the fishing ponds or fishing operations are not detailed, resulting in damage to the shell fish and causing a large number of deaths. Therefore, they are generally caught in cages.
2 Carefully pay attention to the quality of seedlings. The biggest reason for the success of bamboo shellfish culture is the issue of seedlings. Previously cultivated seedlings were imported seedlings, the size of the seedlings was disparity, seedlings were seriously damaged, resulting in a large diet, or the pond was dead, the survival rate was low, and finally the breeding failed. Therefore, it is advisable to purchase fish fry for breeding shellfish shellfish, which is easy to adapt to the local climate and environment and greatly increase the chance of successful breeding. In addition, there are many types of bamboo shoots, including Thai bamboo shoot shells, Australian bamboo shoot shells and hybrid bamboo shoot shells. The three kinds of bamboo shoot shell fish have different habits and meat quality. The market price varies greatly, and farmers must make good purchases. Seedlings off.
3 Pay attention to the implementation of sub-standard farming measures. Due to the phenomenon of large and small growth of shoot shell fish, when the seedlings reach 12 centimeters (in October to November each year), they should be stocked in large and small scales. Otherwise, the size difference will become more and more different. Size killing occurred, affecting the survival rate of culture.
4 Farmers who cultivate this species should have a financial basis. The culture of bamboo shell fish generally takes about 15 months to reach the market specifications, the breeding cycle is longer, the capital turnover is slower, and the amount of capital invested is relatively large. Currently, the cost per kilogram of fish is about 40 to 60 yuan, which is produced per mu. With 1500 kg of commercial fish, the investment of 6 to 90 thousand yuan per acre requires a relatively large investment, which is a big test for farmers.
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