In traditional spring farming, only small radishes were commonly cultivated. These small varieties typically weighed between 50 to 100 grams each, which made them less economically viable. However, the emergence of large spring radishes has changed this scenario. These larger varieties can reach weights of 500 to 2000 grams per root, offering higher yields, superior quality, earlier market availability, and significant economic returns. To successfully grow these high-value spring radishes, seven key practices should be followed.
First, it is essential to choose the right variety. Spring radishes should be selected for their winter hardiness, resistance to bolting, heat tolerance, and disease resistance. Recommended varieties include Early Spring, Tianchun Large Root, Fuchun Dagen, Xuande Dagen, Li Wang Dagen, and Lu Carrot 8. These varieties are well-suited for early planting and offer better performance in spring conditions.
Second, proper soil preparation and fertilization are crucial. Before planting, the field should be deeply plowed and mixed with high-quality organic fertilizer at a rate of 3000 to 4000 kg per 667 square meters. Additionally, apply 25 to 30 kg each of potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate. After leveling the soil, create raised beds that are 50 cm wide, 7 to 12 cm high, and spaced 30 cm apart to ensure good drainage and air circulation.
Third, seed soaking is an important step to enhance germination. Soak 500 grams of seeds per 667 square meters in warm water (around 25°C) for 2 to 3 hours. After soaking, place the seeds in a warm environment (20-25°C) until about 50% of the seeds begin to germinate. At this point, they are ready for sowing.
Fourth, optimal sowing techniques must be applied. Sow the seeds when the temperature stabilizes above 8°C. Plant the seeds in rows on raised beds with a spacing of 30 cm between ridges and 23 to 30 cm between holes. Place 2 to 3 seeds in each hole. After sowing, cover the seeds with 1.5 to 2 cm of soil. Apply a pre-emergence herbicide, such as 40% tetracycline or 48% trifluralin (150 ml per 667 square meters), and then cover the bed with a plastic film to retain moisture and warmth.
Fifth, effective crop management is necessary during the growing period. About 10 days after sowing, the seedlings will emerge, and the plastic film can be removed. At the 2 to 3 leaf stage, thin the seedlings so that each plant has one strong seedling. During the "breaking season," provide additional nutrients by watering every 5 to 7 days and applying top dressing two to three times, using 20 kg of ammonium sulfate or 10 kg of urea per 667 square meters. In the late growth phase, manage irrigation carefully to avoid overwatering, which can lead to heart rot.
Sixth, pest control is vital to ensure healthy growth. Common pests include black rot, soft rot, aphids, and cabbage caterpillars. Use environmentally friendly pesticides such as streptomycin sulfate or neomycin at 200 mg/kg, 10% imidacloprid diluted 3000 times, or Bt emulsion diluted 200 times. Regular spraying helps prevent infestations and maintains crop quality.
Lastly, timely harvesting is critical for maximizing yield and quality. Radishes are usually ready for harvest 60 to 70 days after sowing, when the roots have fully developed and the leaves begin to lose their green color. On average, 4000 to 5000 kg per 667 square meters can be expected, making this a highly profitable crop for farmers who follow these best practices.
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