Lighting plays a crucial role in the reproductive performance of breeding geese, and its effects are quite complex. Proper illumination can significantly influence the timing and success of egg-laying. For instance, extending the light period around the time of egg-laying can help female geese begin laying at the optimal time. Conversely, shorter light periods may delay the onset of egg production. During the growth phase, using natural light and gradually increasing the duration can encourage the hens to start laying eggs. Additionally, shortening the light exposure during moulting can speed up the moulting process.
Under natural light conditions, female geese typically lay only once a year. However, by controlling the lighting, it's possible to stimulate them to have two laying cycles within a single year. For example, after the summer laying season, natural light is used for one month, followed by artificial lighting in autumn, gradually increasing the light duration to 15 hours per day. For goslings, natural light is provided between 70 and 180 days of age, and then the light duration is slowly increased until they reach 210 days, where the daily light time is maintained at 16 to 17 hours. The light intensity should be around 2–3 watts per square meter, with a 40–60 watt bulb installed for every 20 square meters, and the lamps should be placed approximately 1.75 meters above the ground.
The lighting system for geese should be tailored to their developmental stages. In open houses, natural light is a major factor, and before the summer solstice, the daylight is extended gradually, while after the solstice, it is reduced. A well-planned lighting schedule is essential for different growth phases.
During the brooding period, to ensure even growth of goslings, continuous lighting (23–24 hours) is recommended from day 0 to day 7. From day 8 onward, the lighting should gradually transition to natural light only.
For breeding geese, only natural light is used. Before the laying period, as the geese approach the laying date, the artificial light duration is gradually increased each day for six weeks, aiming to reach 16 hours of light per day. This schedule remains consistent throughout the laying period.
The additional light hours are usually added in the morning and evening. By the 25th week, lights are turned on just before dusk and turned off at 7:30 PM. In the 26th week, the lights are turned on before dark and switched off at 8:30 PM. In the 27th week, the lights are turned on before dark and turned off at 9:30 PM. By the 28th week, the lights are turned on before dark, turned off at 10:00 PM, and then turned on again at 7:00 AM, with lights off during the day. In the 29th week, the lights are turned on before dark and turned off at 10:30 PM, then turned on at 6:30 AM. In the 30th week, the lights are turned on before dark, turned off at 11:00 AM, and turned on again at 6:00 AM.
These schedules serve as general guidelines and can be adjusted based on the breed and local weather conditions. It's important to monitor the geese closely and make necessary adjustments to ensure optimal productivity and well-being.
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