Sprouts offer a quick growth cycle, a wide range of varieties, and can be efficiently produced to meet the urgent needs in disaster-stricken areas. Among the most commonly cultivated sprouts are pea seedlings, which can be grown indoors or in greenhouses. To start, select high-quality seeds such as green peas or hemp, and discard any damaged, deformed, or rotten ones. Soak the seeds in water for 18 to 24 hours, using two to three times the volume of the seeds. After washing them again, spread the seeds evenly in a shallow plastic tray lined with one or two layers of newspaper. Place the tray in a warm environment (18–22°C) and keep it moist by watering daily. Once the seeds germinate, move the trays to a vertical growing shelf, spacing each layer about 40 cm apart. Water and mist the plants 2–3 times a day depending on the temperature, keeping it between 18–23°C and avoiding direct sunlight. Harvest the pea sprouts when they reach 10–15 cm in length, usually within 8–12 days. Store them in a cool place (5–10°C) for up to 3–5 days.
For yellow and green bean sprouts, use fresh seeds from the first harvest year. Soak the beans in warm water equal to their volume for 8–10 hours. Drain and place them in a clean container, about 15 cm deep, covered with a cloth to block light. Maintain a temperature of around 25°C, and water every 4–5 hours, spreading the beans each time before draining. When the sprouts grow to 1–2 cm, ensure proper ventilation to prevent overheating. Harvest after 5–7 days, when the sprouts are approximately 8 cm long.
In disaster zones, it is crucial to use clean, disease-free water for all stages of cultivation. For cabbage and heart vegetables, choose dwarf white, April vine, May vine, or locally adapted varieties. Prepare the planting area by raising the bed to 0.8–1.2 meters wide, 20–30 cm high, and 30 meters long. Apply 20 kg of urea per acre and level the soil. Sow the seeds evenly at a rate of about 1 kg per acre, cover with 1 cm of fine soil, and lightly press it down. Water thoroughly and cover with mulch or rice straw, then build a small shed for protection. If possible, add a grass canopy over the shed.
Once the seedlings emerge, remove the cover and water according to the condition, applying urea every 10 days. Harvest the seedlings 25–30 days after sowing. Monitor for pests like aphids and treat with 10% imidacloprid diluted 1500–2000 times, or use insect netting for protection.
For Xiaqiu cabbage, select varieties like Xiaguang, Zhengchun, Yanchun, or Zhonggan 16–20, and grow them under shade nets from July to September. The seedlings should be 35–40 days old before transplanting. Plant early-maturing varieties at 3500–5000 plants per mu, and late-maturing varieties at 1200–1500 plants per mu. Water during sowing, ensuring the soil is well soaked before planting. After emergence, avoid frequent irrigation unless necessary. Water once when transplanting, and control irrigation after 4–5 days to manage seedling growth. Resume irrigation when the heads begin to form and continue until they are compact and ready for harvest. Regularly monitor for diseases like soft rot, viral infections, and pests such as diamondback moths, aphids, flea beetles, and cabbage worms.
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