Tulips are perennial herbs belonging to the Liliaceae family, characterized by their conical bulb structure. These resilient plants can survive in temperatures as low as -35°C and thrive best in a temperature range of 15–18°C. The ideal conditions for flower bud differentiation occur between 17–23°C, while temperatures above 35°C may inhibit this process. Tulips prefer cool, moist, sunny, and sheltered environments, growing well in loose, fertile sandy loam soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.8. They require a cooling period before blooming and open during the day when sunlight is strong, closing at night or on cloudy days.
In terms of cultivation, tulips can be grown in open fields or greenhouses. For traditional outdoor planting, choose a sunny, well-drained area with loose, fertile soil. Prepare the ground by plowing to a depth of 35–40 cm and apply organic fertilizer (2000–3000 kg per acre). Disinfect the soil using 40% formalin, similar to lily cultivation, and ensure the pH is between 6.5 and 7.5. Plant bulbs from late September to October, depending on the region, and maintain a planting depth of 3–5 cm. Water thoroughly before and after planting to promote root development, and apply liquid fertilizer during the growth phase for vibrant blooms.
For greenhouse cultivation at 5°C, tulip bulbs are treated with a cold period of 8–12 weeks to encourage early flowering. This method requires careful soil preparation with good drainage and a pH of 6.5–7.5. Bulbs should be disinfected and either peeled or left intact before planting. Adjust planting density based on variety and season, and manage temperature and humidity carefully. Maintain soil temperature between 9–12°C initially, gradually increasing it to 15–17°C. Ensure proper light exposure and avoid excessive humidity to prevent disease.
Another method involves cultivating tulips at 9°C in boxes. After a cold treatment of 13–20 weeks, bulbs can bloom within 25 days. Use plastic containers with adequate drainage, and plant bulbs in a mix of soil and coarse sand. Keep the soil moist and maintain high humidity during the rooting phase. Once rooted, move the plants to a greenhouse with an ideal temperature of 18°C, ensuring proper watering and ventilation.
Harvest cut tulips when buds begin to color, and store them in water at 2–5°C for up to three days. Proper handling and storage are essential for maintaining quality. Common pests include tulip fire blight, base rot, and stem rot. Prevent these diseases through careful bulb selection, disinfection, and proper cultural practices. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial for healthy growth and successful cultivation.
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