Red-fleshed pomelo is a unique bud mutation discovered in the stream of pomelo in 1998. This variety exhibits several distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other citrus species. Biologically, young plants grow upright, while mature trees have a semi-spreading crown with a rounded shape. New shoots are green and triangular, with thorns located between the nodes. The branches are 1–2 years old, greenish-brown, and round, while the stems and older branches are gray-brown. Buds are naked, without scales, and only covered by bracts. They often appear in clusters, with one main bud accompanied by 2–4 smaller buds. The leaves are simple, long-elliptical, measuring 11–13.5 cm in length and 5.5–7.7 cm in width. Their tips are blunt and often show small notches, while the leaf margins are entire. The surface is dark green, smooth, and lacks prominent oil cells. The petiole is large and heart-shaped, measuring 3.4–4.2 cm in length and 3.3–4 cm in width, with a lifespan of about 15 months.
The inflorescence is a raceme, sometimes bearing single flowers. Each flower is complete, consisting of a calyx, petals, pistil, stamens, and a receptacle. The flower diameter ranges from 4.2 to 5.6 cm, with white petals (3–5 in number) that curve downward. There are 25–33 stamens, thick filaments, and yellow anthers that produce abundant pollen. The style is purple, thick (0.25–0.35 cm), and about 1.4–1.6 cm long. The ovary is 0.62–0.75 cm high, and the stigma is large (0.52–0.65 cm). Growth habits show strong apical dominance, and young trees tend to develop unevenly in natural conditions. Buds mature early, and well-nourished saplings can sprout 5–6 times within a year. By the third year, they begin to bear fruit, reaching peak production by the fifth or sixth year, yielding around 200 pounds per plant.
In Pinghe County, red-fleshed pomelo is harvested throughout the four seasons. Shoots emerge in late March, late June, late July, and mid-October. Flowering begins in March, with the main bloom period from late March to early April, lasting until mid-April. About 50% of the flowers open during this time. The fruit development period runs from early April to early September, maturing approximately 20–25 days earlier than Xixi honey grapefruit.
Fruits are obovoid in shape, with a longitudinal to transverse diameter ratio of 15.5:16. Individual fruits weigh between 1200g and 2350g, averaging 1480g. The skin is yellow-green, with a rounded fruit shoulder and a slightly skewed side. The fruit top is flat, slightly concave, and has an unclear ring mark. The surface appears more rugged due to oil glands, and the stem is thicker. The peel is thin, averaging 0.7–0.9 cm in thickness. The fruit contains 13–17 segments, with a 54% split rate. The rind is pink, and the juice cells are red, offering rich juice, a sweet-sour flavor, and excellent quality. In 2003 and 2004, fruit quality tests showed total sugar at 8.76%, total acid at 0.74%, vitamin C at 37.85 mg/100g, soluble solids at 11.55%, and juice content at 59%. It also contains lycopene (72.15 ± 1.13 µg/g) and β-carotene (41.10 ± 2.24 µg/g), making it a high-quality variety.
Pest control measures include spraying adult citrus trees after pruning, as well as during the early fruit and fruit enlargement stages. Citrus canker mainly occurs during the rainy season from May to June, and is controlled using copper-based preparations 2–3 times. Sooty mold is managed through insect repellents and disease prevention. When locusts, cockroaches, or black locusts infest orchards, prompt treatment with appropriate pesticides is necessary. For red spider control, biological methods are preferred; if nymph density exceeds 100 per 100 leaves, 200 predatory mites are released per plant. The use of highly toxic pesticides is strictly prohibited. For leaf miners, biological control is used to manage their population, and leaf miner moths are controlled when shoots grow no longer than 3 mm. Papilio species are manually removed, and mistletoe bees are protected. Bt emulsion diluted 1000 times can be used for chemical control. Orange fly control relies on artificial trapping.
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