In July, grape growers should focus on disease prevention and control. The primary diseases affecting grapes during this time are downy mildew and botrytis (white rot). Downy mildew primarily affects leaves and shoots that extend beyond the shelter, especially in newly planted vineyards. For severely affected new orchards, a mixture of 50% Golden Cork diluted at 3000 times, 10% Cisco at 1500 times, 0.15% urea, and 2.5% Kung Fu at 1000 times is recommended. In general new gardens, applying 60% mancozeb at 600 times, 50% carbendazim at 800 times, 0.15% urea, and 2.5% Kung Fu at 1000 times is effective. In rainy or open-air conditions, it's important to apply 80% mancozeb at 600 times plus 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Careful spraying is necessary for exposed areas and open fields. Always clean sprayers and tubes before and after use. Avoid mixing this solution with other chemicals within five days to prevent phytotoxicity.
White rot is another major concern, especially in bagged orchards. It’s essential to remove the bags from the fruit clusters to reduce humidity and improve air circulation. July is a peak season for white rot. If detected, you can spray 22.2% tebuconazole at 1200 times, 25% pyraclostrobin at 2000 times, or 10% ciproconazole at 1000 times directly onto the clusters.
For newly planted vines, pruning is crucial. When the new shoot reaches about 1.4 meters, pinch it back, leaving 1-2 leaves on the lower and middle lateral shoots. Keep two tips at the top and allow them to grow to approximately 80 cm. Before July 20th, ensure the main shoot is pruned to the desired length, leaving eight secondary shoots evenly distributed on each plant to develop into next year’s fruiting wood. After July 20th, focus on training side shoots to become the mother branches for the following season.
Water management is also critical. One month before harvest, all varieties should avoid irrigation to prevent fruit cracking. Color varieties, in particular, should not be watered anymore, as excessive moisture can negatively affect fruit coloration.
Fertilization strategies vary depending on the type of orchard. For mature vineyards with high yields, applying 50% potassium sulfate at 0.4% to 0.5% concentration, 2-3 times every five days, can help improve fruit quality. In newly planted gardens, top-dressing with 0.3% urea mixed with 10% pig manure and leaching 3-5 kg of water per tree is recommended to support healthy growth.
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