With the Spring Festival approaching, the mushroom cultivation season is entering a crucial phase. The price of shiitake mushrooms has been gradually rising, which makes it even more important to focus on improving both yield and quality. To achieve better green benefits and sustainable growth, it's essential not only to continue developing and refining new varieties but also to enhance the application of advanced cultivation techniques. Here are some key strategies that can be implemented:
First, the use of plant growth hormones plays a significant role in optimizing mycelium development. Different concentrations of these hormones have varying effects. For instance, indole acetic acid and gibberellin at concentrations below 1 ppm can stimulate mycelial growth, while higher than 1 ppm may inhibit it. Similarly, naphthylacetic acid at 5 ppm promotes growth, but at 20–50 ppm, it has an inhibitory effect. By selecting the right hormone, applying it at the correct time, and using it properly, growers can significantly boost production.
Second, rare earth elements have shown promising results in mushroom cultivation. They help accelerate mycelium growth, increase dry matter weight, and promote the formation of fruiting bodies. Studies show that using a 20 ppm solution of rare earth in the growing medium can lead to a noticeable increase in mushroom yield.
Third, there are several other effective techniques worth exploring. One of them is magnetized water treatment. Using water with a magnetic field strength of 1500 Gauss during the cultivation process helps improve mycelium health, resulting in thicker and whiter mycelium. Spraying this water on the fruiting bodies also enhances yield. In bag-cultivated mushrooms, this technique can increase production by up to 12.83%, and when combined with other methods, the improvement can be as high as 17.04%.
Another method is chemical treatment. Soaking the spawn in a solution containing 30 ppm citric acid, malic acid, or 0.2% urea for 24 hours can effectively trigger bud formation, leading to better yields.
Lastly, electrical stimulation is a traditional technique widely used in China for mushroom cultivation. It involves mechanical vibration to encourage mycelium kinking and increase the number of mushrooms. When using electrical stimulation, the results are even more pronounced. The process typically involves soaking the mushroom sticks in water for about 12 hours, then drying them until the surface moisture reaches 60–65%. Two conductive bars are connected via wires and inserted into the mushroom stick, then connected to a 220-volt power supply with a current of 1–2 amperes. A 5-minute charge followed by regular management can increase production by approximately 25%.
By integrating these modern techniques with traditional knowledge, mushroom farmers can achieve greater efficiency, higher yields, and improved quality, ensuring a successful harvest ahead of the Spring Festival.
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