Cherax quadricarinatus, commonly known as the "Australian freshwater lobster," is a species of crustacean belonging to the order Decapoda. Native to the tropical and subtropical regions of northeastern Australia, this species thrives in near-bay rivers with warm climates. Introduced to China in the early 1990s, it has proven to be an excellent candidate for aquaculture due to its large size, fast growth rate, omnivorous feeding habits, high yield (around 40% edible portion), and delicious meat quality. This makes it a promising species for commercial breeding and farming.
Biological characteristics of red-claw crayfish include their rapid growth, reaching 50–80 grams within six months. They typically mature sexually between 6 to 12 months. Males can be identified by distinct red or orange-yellow markings on their appendages and small papillae on the base of their fifth legs, while females have genital openings on the third pair of legs. Breeding occurs naturally when water temperatures exceed 21°C, with peak spawning from April to October, ideally at 22–33°C. After mating, females shed their shells, lay eggs, and carry them until hatching, which takes about 30 days at 28–29°C. A single female can spawn two to three times per year.
In terms of environmental requirements, red-claw crayfish tolerate a wide temperature range of 24–42°C, though growth slows below 21°C and stops below 10°C. They are also resistant to low oxygen levels, with adults surviving in 1 mg/L dissolved oxygen. Water pH should be maintained between 6.5 and 9, with a minimum of 7 for successful molting. Salinity is not a major concern, as they can adapt to up to 5 g/L salinity, making them suitable for freshwater ponds.
For breeding, cultivation ponds are typically cement-based, ranging from 50 to 300 square meters with a depth of 1 meter. Shelters like rocks and plants are added to increase living space. Stocking density in nursery ponds should not exceed 1000/m² during the first four weeks. Feeding starts with steamed egg and fish paste, gradually transitioning to high-protein feeds. Water quality must be kept clean, with regular partial water changes and lime applications to maintain optimal conditions.
In pond farming, 1–1.5 mu ponds with 1–1.5 m depth are ideal. Before stocking, ponds are treated with lime to eliminate pathogens. Aquatic plants and structures are introduced to provide hiding spots. Stocking density is around 7,000–10,000 per mu, with compatible fish species to improve water quality. Feeding is done twice daily, with evening feedings accounting for about two-thirds of the total. The diet includes both animal and plant-based food, adjusted based on water temperature and growth stage.
Disease control is crucial, particularly against fungal infections that thrive at lower temperatures. Maintaining water above 21°C helps prevent disease outbreaks. Harvesting methods include using traps or draining ponds when temperatures drop below 18°C. After 5–6 months of rearing, yields can reach 70–110 kg per mu, with individual sizes ranging from 70–180 g, and some reaching up to 450 g. Overall, red-claw crayfish offer a profitable and sustainable option for aquaculture in suitable environments.
Application Status and Development Trend of Feed Protein Sources
With the rapid development of large-scale farming, the market demand for feed continues to expand and demanding. This makes the competition in the feed industry more intense. In the composition of feed, protein source is a vital and necessary part. The manufacturer's reasonable choice of protein source largely determines the market competitiveness of the product. This article briefly reviews the application status and development trend of common protein sources at present, in order to provide a certain reference value for the selection of feed protein sources.
1. Plant protein sources:
1.1 Corn gluten meal 60%
Its protein content is generally above 60, its amino acid composition is good, its price is reasonable, and its resources are abundant. It is currently the most widely used plant protein source. At present, this type of substance has been widely used in livestock, poultry, and aquatic fields, and has good application prospects and space.
1.2 Rice Protein powder 70%
Among cereal proteins, the biological value (B.V.) and protein value (P.V.) of rice protein are higher than other proteins. The amino acid composition of rice protein is balanced and reasonable, and the amino acid content is rich and diverse, which is unmatched by other plant proteins. In addition, the biological value and amino acid composition ratio of rice protein are higher than those of cereal crops such as wheat, barley, millet, and corn. The digestibility is 66.8%, which is one of the higher among cereal proteins.
1.3 Mycoprotein MSG 70%
MSG residue is a single-cell protein obtained by inoculating Corynebacterium glutamicum in corn starch sugar and obtaining glutamic acid supernatant dry matter after direct fermentation process. It is a microbial raw material product between animal and plant protein feeds, rich in various amino acids, trace elements, digestive enzymes and rich growth factors, which is conducive to digestion and absorption by animals. It can replace some high-protein raw materials such as fish meal and corn protein meal in feed, and is widely used by feed companies.
1.4
When choosing protein sources, different combinations and matching should be made according to different feeding objects. Plant protein sources are sufficient and inexpensive, and can scientifically replace and supplement animal protein sources, which is conducive to reducing breeding costs and improving breeding quality. With the continuous advancement of science, its advantages will be further reflected and will make greater contributions to the development of the breeding industry.
Corn Gluten Meal 60%;Rice Protein Powder 70%;Mycoprotein 70%
Maize Protein,Corn Gluten Protein,Plant Protein Corn Gluten,Plant Protein Feed Additives
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