The squid, also known as osmanthus fish or squid flower, is commonly referred to as squid, mandarin fish, seasonal flower fish, flower scorpion, and flower squid. It belongs to the genus Ape-shaped, part of the Aceraceae family. This freshwater fish is highly valued for its delicate texture and rich flavor, making it a popular delicacy often called “freshwater grouper.†In traditional Chinese medicine, it is also used as a remedy for people with anemia and postpartum recovery. Due to its high demand, it sells well both domestically and internationally, with prices reaching over 40 yuan per kilogram, and even up to 60 yuan in some cases. Export prices are even higher, making it a lucrative option for farmers.
Salmon farming thrives in hilly and mountainous regions, where there is abundant, clean, and unpolluted water. Small reservoirs in mountainous areas, such as those in Jilin Province, offer ideal conditions for breeding this fish. Developing salmon farming in these areas not only helps optimize pond culture structures but also increases the production of high-quality fish and improves economic returns. The natural environment provides an excellent foundation for sustainable aquaculture.
First, the potential of salmon farming is significant.
1. **Species Advantages**: Salmon is a native freshwater species from China, not imported. Its superior quality, unique taste, and tender meat have made it a favorite among consumers for centuries. It has deep cultural roots and is considered one of the premium freshwater fish varieties.
2. **Market Advantages**: As a carnivorous fish, it feeds on small fish and shrimp, giving it a firm, flavorful body. Known for its rich, tender meat and high nutritional value, it is packed with essential amino acids. With a high protein content (19.3%) and low fat (0.8%), it’s an ideal food for children and the elderly. Its popularity continues to grow due to its taste and health benefits.
3. **Resource Advantages**: Mountainous regions have numerous small reservoirs and ponds with clean, fresh water and no pollution. These environments are perfect for raising salmon, especially since they already support a variety of wild fish that can serve as natural feed.
Second, effective aquaculture techniques are key to success.
1. **Breeding Conditions**: Reservoirs used for farming should be at least 50-2000 mu in size, with an average depth of over 2 meters. Water clarity must be above 50 cm to ensure good living conditions for the fish.
2. **Stocking Fish**: During winter and spring, fingerlings of 50-100 grams are stocked at a density of 50-100 per mu. To maximize space and maintain water quality, non-competitive fish like grass carp, mudfish, and snails can be mixed in.
3. **Feeding**: Maintaining a steady supply of bait fish is crucial for fast growth and efficient feed conversion. Bait fish such as small shrimp, minnows, and other small species should be cultivated in shallow areas of the reservoir. Feeds like bran and distiller's grains can also be used to enhance the quality of the bait. Monitoring the amount of bait is important—when fish start feeding near the surface with loud splashes, it indicates a shortage of food, and more should be added.
4. **Harvesting**: Salmon are benthic fish, so nets with low breakage rates are recommended. Small catches can be done manually, while larger ones use netting. Harvesting occurs when fish reach about 400 grams, which helps control population density and ensures better product quality and market value.
Third, analyzing the benefits of salmon farming reveals strong economic and social impacts.
1. **Economic Benefits**: For each acre of water, the input includes 100 fish, 100 yuan in feed, and 50 yuan in other costs. The output is 50 kg of salmon worth 1,000 yuan, resulting in a net profit of 750 yuan. The input-output ratio is 1:4, which is far better than conventional pond farming, which has a ratio of around 1:1.35. This makes salmon farming much more profitable with significantly lower investment.
2. **Social Benefits**: Promoting salmon farming in mountainous areas helps utilize underused reservoirs and improves local economies. It creates jobs, supports rural development, and helps lift communities out of poverty.
3. **Environmental Efficiency**: Salmon farming in small reservoirs is a low-impact, high-efficiency method that doesn’t pollute water. It also saves resources such as water, electricity, and labor, making it a sustainable and eco-friendly choice for long-term aquaculture.
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