First, preparation. 1. Site conditions: An area of 1 to 15 acres is suitable, with the best results typically seen in 3 to 8 acres. The water depth should be around 1.5 meters, and the bottom should be flat with loamy soil. The beach area should be 3 to 4 meters wide, ensuring the pond doesn't leak and can retain both water and nutrients. A separate irrigation and drainage system is essential, along with a reliable and sufficient water supply.
2. Clearing: Begin by draining the pond so that the bottom is exposed to sunlight for over 10 days. This helps dry the soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, improve fertility, and eliminate harmful organisms. Next, remove excess silt from the bottom, keeping it at about 20 cm thick, and level the base. Repair any leaks, cracks, or damaged outlets, and clear weeds from the edges and inside the pond. Install a 40-mesh filter mesh at the inlet and outlet to prevent shrimp seedlings from escaping and to block predators.
3. Disinfection: Seven to ten days before introducing the shrimp eggs, apply 70 to 100 kg of lime per acre across the entire pond and allow it to dry thoroughly.
Second, stocking. 1. Timing: Choose the breeding time based on the availability of seedlings, usually between late May and early June.
2. Collection: Gather wild female shrimp from natural water sources like lakes. Select healthy females that are at least 5 cm long, with no injuries, and have fertilized eggs that appear light green or gray-brown. Eggs that are dark in color indicate recent fertilization and are more likely to hatch successfully. If the eggs are very pale, with transparent areas and black compound eyes, they are close to hatching and may not survive well. It's best to collect shrimps with eggs that have been developing for about 10 days, as this reduces feeding time and production costs. Transport the egg-bearing shrimp in the morning using live water boats or aeration equipment.
3. Stocking: After clearing the pond, fill it to a depth of 0.7 to 0.8 meters and introduce 4 to 5 kg of egg-bearing shrimp per acre. Once the water temperature reaches 14°C or higher, feed them with pellets, soybean cake, wheat bran, and small fish or snails. Provide fresh water in the morning and monitor their activity and egg development daily. Usually, larvae will hatch about 10 days after stocking, depending on maturity, weather, and temperature. Once all the eggs have hatched, use nets or cages to collect the broodstock.
Third, nursery. 1. Fertilization: To ensure enough food for the young larvae, wait about a week after fertilization. When the eggs turn grayish brown, apply fermented manure such as pig manure at 250 to 300 kg per acre. Continue top-dressing throughout the nursery period. If the water becomes too clear or blue, add 4 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate per acre. Each time you fertilize, add about 15 cm of clear water to maintain adequate food for the larvae.
2. Feeding: Young green prawns mainly eat zooplankton. Start feeding yellow soy milk three days after hatching, applying 0.5 kg of soybeans per acre daily, gradually increasing to 1 kg. After about a week, when the shrimps begin to metamorphose and become benthic, introduce feeds like wheat flour, fish gizzards, fish meal, and silkworm pupae. Feed them a mix of plant and animal-based foods in a 3:1 ratio. Cast food around the pond edges and scatter some rice bran in the center. For every 10,000 seedlings of 1.5 to 2 cm, provide 2 kg of food.
3. Disease prevention: Maintain good water quality by ensuring enough plankton and dissolved oxygen. Keep the water transparency between 30 to 40 cm and dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L. Change water every 3 to 5 days, adding 5 to 10 cm each time. Every 10 days, sprinkle 5 to 8 kg of lime per acre per meter of water depth to regulate water quality and prevent disease.
Fourth, harvesting. After approximately 45 days of cultivation, the shrimp will reach 1.5 to 2 cm in size and can be moved to grow-out ponds or sold. Before catching, clear the pond of weeds and floating debris, lower the water level, and avoid the molting period. Use nets to catch the shrimp and place them in pre-prepared cages for sale. Always work with water to protect the shrimp during the process.
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