First, preparation. 1. Site Conditions: An area of 1 to 15 acres is suitable, with the best results between 3 to 8 acres. The water depth should be around 1.5 meters, and the bottom should be flat with loamy soil. The beach area should be 3 to 4 meters wide, ensuring the pond is leak-proof and can retain both water and nutrients. A separate irrigation and drainage system is essential, along with a reliable and sufficient water supply.
2. Clearing the Pond: First, drain the pond and expose the bottom to sunlight for over 10 days to harden the soil, accelerate organic matter decomposition, improve fertility, and kill harmful organisms. Next, remove excess silt, keeping it to about 20 cm in thickness, then level the bottom and repair any leaks or cracks. Remove weeds from the pond's edges and install a 40-mesh filter mesh at the inlet and outlet to prevent shrimp seedlings from escaping and to block predators.
3. Disinfection: Seven to ten days before introducing the shrimp eggs, spread 70 to 100 kg of lime per acre across the entire pond and let it dry. This helps disinfect the environment effectively.
Second, stocking. 1. Timing: Determine the stocking time based on the availability of seedlings. Usually, this is done in late May to early June when the shrimp eggs are ready.
2. Collection: Collect wild female shrimp from natural bodies of water like lakes. Choose healthy females that are at least 5 cm long, with no injuries and fertilized eggs that appear light green or gray-brown. These eggs are more viable and have a shorter incubation period, which reduces feeding time and lowers costs. Eggs that are too light in color or show signs of separation may not hatch properly. Transport the egg-bearing shrimp in the morning using live water boats or with aeration equipment to ensure their survival.
3. Stocking: After clearing the pond, fill it with water to a depth of 0.7 to 0.8 meters and introduce 4 to 5 kg of egg-bearing shrimp per acre. Once the water temperature reaches 14°C or higher, feed them with pellet feed, bean cake, wheat bran, and small fish or snails. Every morning, flush the pond with fresh water and monitor the shrimp's activity and egg development daily. About 10 days after stocking, depending on maturity, weather, and water temperature, the larvae will hatch. Once all eggs are hatched, use cages or tools to collect the broodstock.
Third, nursery. 1. Fertilization: To provide enough food for the young larvae, hold the eggs for about a week after fertilization. When the eggs turn grayish-brown, apply fermented manure such as pig manure at 250 to 300 kg per acre. Continue to top-dress with fertilizer throughout the nursery phase. If the water becomes too clear or blue mud appears, add 4 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate per acre. Each time you apply fertilizer, add about 15 cm of clear water to maintain adequate food supply for the larvae.
2. Feeding: Young larvae primarily feed on zooplankton. Start feeding them yellow soy milk three days after hatching, applying 0.5 kg of soybeans per acre daily, gradually increasing to 1 kg. Around the first week, when they begin metamorphosis and shift to a benthic lifestyle, introduce feeds like wheat flour, fish gizzards, fish meal, and silkworm pupae. Feed them in a ratio of 3:1 (plant-based to animal-based). Cast food around the pond edges and occasionally in the center. For every 10,000 shrimp seedlings of 1.5 to 2 cm, feed them 2 kg of food daily.
3. Disease Prevention: Maintain good water quality by ensuring enough food organisms and dissolved oxygen. Keep the water transparency between 30 to 40 cm and dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L. Add water every 3 to 5 days, increasing the level by 5 to 10 cm each time. Every 10 days, apply 5 to 8 kg of lime per acre per meter of water depth to regulate water quality and prevent disease outbreaks.
Fourth, harvesting. After about 45 days of cultivation, the shrimp reach a size of 1.5 to 2 cm and can be transferred to grow-out ponds or sold. Before catching, remove weeds and floating debris, lower the water level, and avoid the molting period. Use nets to catch the shrimp and place them into prepared cages for sale. Throughout the process, always work with water to protect the shrimp from damage.
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