Release date: 2017-10-16
Recently, the Global Disease Burden Study (GBD) published by JAMA Oncol magazine found that between 1990 and 2015, East Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa fell sharply, and the age-standardized death rate of liver cancer in China fell by 1/3. (JAMA Oncol. October 5th online version)
"Hepatocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death after lung, large intestine and stomach cancer." According to the researchers, by 2015, there were 854,000 new cases of liver cancer and 810,000 deaths worldwide. A total of 20.078 million cases of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were caused. Studies have shown that between 1990 and 2015, global liver cancer cases increased by 75%, the most influential cause of which is hepatitis C (HCV), followed by alcohol. According to analysis of high-income countries in the Asia-Pacific region, two-thirds of new cases of liver cancer in Japan are caused by HCV infection. The age-standardized incidence of liver cancer also indicates that age-standardized mortality of liver cancer has increased by more than 100% in high-income areas including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and most European countries. On the other hand, East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have fallen sharply (Figure 1). For example, the age-standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China decreased by 1/3 between 1990 and 2015, which may be due to a certain reduction in aflatoxin exposure and the implementation of the national hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination program.
In addition, in the study of the etiology of liver cancer, 14% of the studies reported gender as a potential factor. The results showed that liver cancer was more common in men, with 591,000 cases and 264,000 women. The mortality rate was 577,000 for men and 234,000 for women. The number of DALYs was 15.413 million for men and 5.165 million for women. In 2015, there were 20.3 male patients with liver cancer caused by hepatitis B (95% UI, 171,000~251,000), and only 70,000 women (95% UI, 57,000-86,000). Alcohol caused 204,000 cases of male liver cancer (95% UI, 177,000 ~ 240,000) and 45,000 women (95% UI, 38,000 ~ 54,000).
The results of the above studies show that in the past 25 years, the incidence of liver cancer has increased in most parts of the world, but the cause of this cancer varies from region to region and, to some extent, varies from income to income. Most liver cancers can be prevented by vaccination, antiviral therapy, safe blood transfusion and injection therapy, and reduced alcohol abuse. According to the Sustainable Development Goals, identifying and eliminating risk factors for liver cancer can help to reduce the burden of liver cancer. GBD research can guide these preventive measures.
Source: Physician
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