Release date: 2016-12-21
In 2016, the rapid development of gene editing has shown great application prospects in a series of application fields of gene therapy. In this year, gene editing technology has also made breakthroughs. In addition to CRISPR-Cas, scientists have also developed CRISPR/Cpf1, RNA-only CRISPR/C2c2, and only edit single bases such as CRISPR/Cas9. Gene editing system.
On February 29th, Didier Raoult, a scientist at the University of Aix-Marseille in France, published online in the top journal Nature, accidentally discovered a new potential gene editing technology MIMIVIRE similar to CRISPR. MIMIVIRE is extremely May become a new genetic editing tool.
On March 17, Gene Yeo, an associate professor of cell and molecular medicine, published the research in the internationally renowned academic journal Cell for the first time to edit RNA using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The current research is to transfer RNA into cells, and the future trend is to modify the RNA in cells for the purpose of disease treatment.
On March 23, a study published in Cell, the researchers have determined how to isolate and edit messenger RNA carrying genetic instructions from the nucleus of the cell, for the first time through the use of the gene editing tool CRISPR-Cas9, Create new proteins. For the first time, the genetic editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 makes it possible to isolate RNA from living cells.
On April 21, Prof. Huang Zhiwei from Harbin Institute of Technology and his team revealed for the first time the structure of the complex of CRISPR-Cpf1 recognition of crRNA. The research paper on the results was published online in Nature. The so-called "CRISPR-Cpf1" is the most efficient DNA editing tool recently discovered by humans. Humans know that DNA is a long-standing substance, but it cannot be controlled for optimization.
In April, researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Harvard University published a paper in the journal Nature, reporting that the new CRISPR gene editing system can cleanly and efficiently exchange individual letters of the genome, which means reliable repair of disease. Gene mutation.
On May 2nd, Han Chunyu, an associate professor at Hebei University of Science and Technology, reported on NgAgo-gDNA, a gene editing technology invented by Chinese researchers. Some experts commented that although this technology is still in its infancy, its potential is expected to exceed the recent US-CRISPR-Cas9 technology that is regarded as the Nobel Prize. But there is still controversy about NgAgo.
On August 4th, a study by the joint research and development team of Kobe University and the University of Tokyo in Science magazine showed that they have successfully developed a new method that can improve the efficiency of gene editing technology. This method does not require cutting off new DNA editing. method.
On August 22, the MIT research team used cas9 gene editing technology for the first time to record the history of human cellular DNA.
At the end of August, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology modified the Cas9 to have shear capability only when it received light of a specific wavelength. Through this research they can use light to control the gene editing of green fluorescent protein, which is used to compile this protein. The two genes are usually overexpressed on the cell surface and in some cancer cells.
On September 5th, Cai Zhiming, the chief scientist of the 973 Project of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, and Huang Weiren and Liu Yuchen improved and improved the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to realize the manipulation of Cas9, which can control the flow direction of cancer cells and the cancer cells. A variety of "malignant" behaviors are effectively intervened. Relevant research results were published online in the British Nature and Methodology.
On September 15th, Zhou Guohua of Jinling Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College reported a new SGN-based gene editing technology in Genome Biology, using structure-guided endonuclease (SGN) to achieve in vitro and in vivo DNA. Targeting and cleavage of any sequence. A programmable gene editing system is implemented that has the following characteristics: a short-chain ssDNA-directed genome-specific location; the result of the editing is a large segment of the deletion (which can be greater than 2.6 kb); the endogenous gene can be successfully edited in the zebrafish embryo.
A study published online on October 31 in Nature Biotechnology showed that a joint team of Professor Wei Wensheng from Peking University and Professor Liu Xiaole from Harvard University constructed a pgRNA library using lentivirus as a vector, and humanized liver cancer cell line Huh7.5OC in a genome-wide scope. The function of nearly 700 cancers or other disease-related long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was screened for function.
On November 17, an international research team consisting of the Salk Institute for Biology and the Japanese Institute of Physical Chemistry announced that they have developed a new gene editing technology that can be used for the first time on non-dividing cells (present in the eyes, brain, and pancreas). Or heart) for effective manipulation, which is revolutionary for editing the genome of adult living organisms.
In early December, researchers at Harvard Medical School and the University of California developed a rapidly evolving DNA barcode in living cells based on CRISPR–Cas9. This method has broad application prospects, such as deep lineage tracing, cell barcode, and molecular barcode, which can be used to analyze cancer biological mechanisms and connective maps. The study was published in the journal Nature Methods.
In a study published in Cell Research on December 2, scientists used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out two genes (TRAC and B2M) or three genes (TRAC, B2M and PD-1) for CART cells. The results show that these genetically edited CART cells have comparable or stronger tumor cell killing functions in vitro and in vivo than ordinary CART cells, and are expected to become effector cells for clinical application.
On December 5th, Zhang Feng’s Broad Institute and Professor John van der Oost of Wageningen University published a study on Nature Biotechnology to achieve a new breakthrough in CRISPR, using CRISPR–Cpf1 to create a multiplexed gene editing system. It is possible to edit 4 genes at the same time.
On December 8, a new study by Cell, researchers at the Massachusetts Medical School and the University of Toronto discovered the first known "off switch" for CRISPR/Cas9 activity, providing greater control for editors. .
Source: Bio 360
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