Tea cultivation techniques in high mountains
The high temperature difference between day and night in the tea gardens in the high mountain areas, with dew and dew, and high humidity. Therefore, in the production and cultivation, we must master the following technical points.
First, seedlings
1. Variety selection of varieties that are resistant to cold, drought, pests and diseases, favorable for market competition and cultivation, and suitable for the local environment and climate. Such as Tieguanyin, Luanke 1, Jin Xuan and other varieties.
2, seedlings choose seedling height greater than 20cm, stem diameter greater than 2mm, with a certain number of leaves, root exuberant, pest-free year-old robust seedlings. It has 1-2 primary branches, which lays the foundation for the rapid growth of tea trees, early gardening and production.
Second, planting
1, the time of colonization
It is necessary to use the growth period of underground activities to colonize, which is conducive to the elongation and development of the root system, and also to the absorption of soil nutrients for the nutrients required for the start of growth in the above ground. The period of tea planting in high mountain areas should be held in February of each year (before and after the Spring Festival).
2, technical methods
After planting the tea plantation in the open area, the planting implement is used to dig the hole 10-12cm deep and the diameter of the hole is more than 10cm. The tea seedlings are planted vertically in the hole, filled with soil, compacted and compacted, or used to plow seedlings. Layer, and then cultivated 1-2 cm fine soil, watering, seedlings when planted 1-2cm deeper than normal. If you can choose to plant before the rain is ideal. For the colonization of tea plants, the "double line single plant" method was used, with a 30 cm spacing between the plants and a triangle between the strains. The placement of 3-5cm thick straw or other grass plants in the planting ditch tea line is conducive to heat preservation and moisturizing, and it can also inhibit the growth of weeds.
Third, trim
1, pruning time
The period of pruning should be appropriate after the end of autumn tea in late May or early June or mid-October.
2, pruning technology
(1) The purpose of shaping pruning is to cultivate a reasonable tree skeleton and high yield canopy in the young stage of tea tree. It is usually carried out four times. Each new cutting edge must be lignified or semi-lignified. The first pruning combined with planting is fixed at the place 15-18cm away from the ground; the second, third and fourth fixed shears are required to be fixed 15cm higher at the previous time. After four times of styling and pruning, the height of the tree has reached 60cm, with branching structures of 2-3 grades, and a reasonable picking of the crown has been initially established and the tree can be put into production.
(2) Light trimming The purpose of light trimming is to adjust the canopy and cultivate good picking surfaces. Once a year, the degree of light trimming to cut off the degree of 3-5cm on the plane, mainly to cut off the crown of the small pile head, useless shoots and so on.
(3) Deep pruning After years of harvesting and lightly pruning trees, apply a deep pruning method to cut a layer of branches and leaves 10 to 15 cm above the crown, so that the tea tree re-extracts new shoots, improves tea germination ability, and extends the longevity of tea tree production. .
(4) Pruning of semi-aging and premature aging tea trees is usually done by cutting 1/2 of the height of the original tree, combined with finishing (shearing), and recultivating strong branches and picking the crown.
(5) Taiwan’s tea tree, which is very old, should be sawn (or sheared) away from the ground at a height of about 10–15 cm to re-cultivate the skeletal structure of the tree and pick the canopy.
Fourth, fertilizer management
1. Apply base fertilizer (basic fertilizer) to planting ditch before planting and apply organic fertilizer every winter after it is put into production, such as farmyard fertilizer, cake fertilizer, commodity organic fertilizer and so on. Commodity-based organic fertilizers are mainly used to release 200-300 kg per acre.
2. Multiple top dressings were conducted in combination with shallow ploughing in early March, late May and mid-August. With N, P, K compound fertilizer, Mushi 40-60kg.
3. The technical requirement is to open the ditch depth 15-20cm under the canopy edge (20-25cm deep under the base fertilizer), apply the fertilizer evenly to the ditch, and apply the cover to the soil.
4. Tillage weeds production Tea plantations will be 2-3 times shallow and 10 to 15cm shallow weeds removed during the non-picking season each year. In the middle of October, deep tillage 20-25cm will be used for loose soil.
5. Prevention and control of diseases and pests Based on agricultural control, regulate and control the ecological environment within the tea plantation, and suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases. In the winter, 0.5 Baume degree lime sulfur is sprayed to seal the garden, which reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases in the following year. In the non-pick-up season, the pesticides such as Segovia, thiophanate-methyl, and Bordeaux mixture can be used for prevention and control according to the occurrence of the disease. The use of highly toxic, highly effective, low (no) residual pesticides such as Uranus, Kung Fu, imidacloprid, matrine, rotenone and so on. The use of pesticides must strictly comply with safety intervals and eliminate the use of pesticides that are highly toxic, have high residues, and which the State has banned.
News source: China Pu'er Tea Network
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