Management anniversary apple trees 10 technical points Author: Huai Bi management points before and after Jingzhe spring, the hibernating animal began to wake up and unearthed activities. The plants wake up, the diseases and pests wake up, and the natural enemies of pests and diseases wake up. The roots of the fruit trees begin their activities first, and they promote the flow of sap, transport nutrients stored in their roots and branches to the shoots, and thus the branches become soft and the buds expand. . During this period, almost all of the nutrients consumed were stored in the previous year. In this regard, the spring tube is crucial. Its specific content is: First, check governance rot disease?
Fruit rough skin often hides many diseases, such as red spider mites, star caterpillars, leaf curlers, and rot. After the end of the winter cut, from the mid-February onwards, check whether there are rots in trunks, branches, and cuts. After discovering, then apply Tubomei 10 degree lime sulfur to join the “General Tree Guardian†100 times and apply it half an month later. . Recently, a large number of media reports have reported that: Huaibi Plant Protection Factory in Gaonan District of Shaanxi Province has applied UV disinfection; the new high-fat membrane anti-virus technology has been successfully developed as a “General Tree Guardâ€. The affected area of ​​the tree can quickly form a layer of protective film and suffocate to kill the bacteria. The method is to brush the emulsion with a brush, then use the tree to wipe the trunk and branches of the 100% liquid (50 kg) to disinfect the whole tree, which can impede the decay. The virus spreads in the tree and reproduces. After 30 days, the diseased skin with dead spores begins to fall off. The “General Tree Guard†can also be mixed with various types of pesticides or foliar fertilizers. Second, fertilization irrigation, film protection?
The orchard without basal fertilization in autumn and winter of last year should be applied immediately after thawing (but the effect is not as good as autumn). After the fertilization, the irrigation ground should be watered once and the soil should be kept in a timely manner. The dryland orchards should be topped with rice, then fertilized and quickly refurbished. The young and the weak trees will then adopt a “belt-shaped†film to increase the temperature and ensure the healthy growth of the tree. For the method of applying fertilizer, excavate the "ring groove" or "gouzigou" with a width of 50cm and a depth of 50cm under the canopy projection. Apply all of the fall fertilizer to the ground and mix it with the soil. Then spread it in the tree tray. Shi Chunbei all the top-dressing (multi-component fertilizer, urea, etc.), and then turned into the soil, take advantage of the light. Fertilization requirements: First, try not to hurt the roots with a diameter of 0.5 cm. Second, the parts of the tree top dressing should be kept 20 to 30 cm away from the trunk to prevent injury to the trunk. ?
Third, carved buds, buds?
It is not easy for the buds in the rear part of the apple varieties to germinate, and the slow branching is often referred to as the "bright leg branch." In order to promote sprouting and branching and to reduce light legs, from the end of March to the beginning of April, use buds at the top (central main branch) or in front of the main branch (occurring main branches and auxiliary branches) at 0.5 cm. A knife or small saw blade hurts 1/4 to 1/3 of the xylem. Followed by the main branch of the main branch of the competition (branches), buds, main branches and auxiliary branches of the back (branches) buds removed to avoid sprouting branches, a waste of nutrition, disrupt the tree. ?
Fourth, tanning, spray lime sulfur agent?
After the beginning of the spring, the gradual increase in temperature of lime sulfur is still a broad-spectrum, high efficiency, long residual effect, and low cost of sterilization, killing, pesticides, especially before and after spraying buds of fruit trees at higher concentrations. Reducing the base number of various pests, reducing medications throughout the year, and lowering costs are very significant. ?
The tanning of lime sulfur mixture: sulfur powder 10 wounds, quicklime 7 parts, water 60 parts. First, heat the water, take a small amount of hot water, transfer the sulfur powder into a paste and pour it into the pot to boil. Then slowly put the quicklime, increase the firepower, and keep stirring until the lime block is cast for another 45 minutes. Minutes of fire, use warm fire for 30 minutes until the liquid is soy sauce. After cooling, use Bomi's specific gravity to measure the exact concentration. It is generally required that apple trees over 3 years old should be sprayed with 100 times fluid to protect the trees and 3 degrees limestone to clean the trees in the bud. It will not only kill bacteria, but also hit the "gene alarm clock" of the fruit trees to remind the fruit trees to move in time. Awakening during hibernation, stimulating autonomic nerves, preventing and controlling various spider mites, shell insects and overwintering eggs. In early April, biological pesticides were sprayed to control locusts and leafhoppers. In early April (post-emergence), 0.3% urea solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed alternately for 7 to 10 days one or two times. In order to facilitate the strong shoots, promote the emergence of new roots, gradually restore the tree vigor and ensure long-term spirit full. When the fruit tree is sprayed with foliar fertilizer or pesticide every day, adding 100 times of “General Tree Guard†can inhibit the replication of infectious virus, resist the infection of airborne virus, and protect the population and quantity of natural enemies of beneficial animals and fruit trees. Therefore, while destroying pests and diseases, it is vital to protect natural enemies. 5. Recutting, sparse buds, and complex shearing: First, for trees that are not fruitful for over-ageing, the winter shear can be delayed until after germination to ease the tree vigor; secondly, the more prosperous trees are except the main branches and winter shears. The branches are postponed until they are budded and then cut to ease the branching tendency; the third is to enter the result period. According to the target yield, if the amount of flowers is too much, a part of the middle and long florets may be shortened, the squid may be shortened or cut, or the weak and short squid may be cut to reduce the number of branches. Flowering branches, increase the number of ready branches. ?
The sparse buds: The apple tree sparse as soon as possible, which can save nutrition, help to sit large fruit and promote fruit high piles. At the same time, enhance the tree vigor, promote the growth of spring shoots, make up for lack of winter shear. It saves time, improves efficiency, and reduces costs. Under the normal conditions of the climate, we can popularize the technology of "setting flowers and fixing fruits". That is, in the middle and late April, the inflorescence of red bloom extends into the inflorescence and is separated (the central flower contains medlars). The spacing between the flowers is 20 to 28 centimeters. The main leaves are on both sides and under the back, except for retaining the central flower and 1 flower. The excess flowers are all eliminated, but they must retain "cluster leaves." ?
Six, spray fertilizer, put the bee?
Into the initial flowering period (5% of the central flower opening), should be sprayed once 0.3% borax plus 0.1% urea + 1% sucrose aqueous solution or in the flowering period and young fruit can also be carried out after the fruit-bearing fertilizer, available 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea + fruit Zhuang Ti Ling, the effect of improving the fruit setting rate and swelling fruit are obvious. The fruit enlargement period requires the supply of large amounts of nutrients and moisture, which requires a robust maternal and healthy grooming system to meet the physiological needs of fruit development; a further 0.3% borax plus 1% honey solution + fruit juice is injected once at the flowering stage. spirit. To increase nutrients, conducive to pollination and fruit setting. Putting a box of bees within 500 meters of the orchard during the flowering period can guarantee about 10 mu of pollination, which can increase the fruit setting rate by 30% to 50%.
The fertilization point of apple tree Fertilization period Fertilizer is generally divided into two kinds of compost and top dressing, and the specific time depends on the variety, fertilizer requirements, and tree growth results. Under normal circumstances, it is advisable to fertilize 4 times a year: 1 before flowering or sprouting (in early April). 2 After flowering (in mid-May). The two fertilizers can effectively promote budding and flowering and prevent the detoxification due to flowering and consumption of large amounts of nutrients, increase the fruit setting rate, and promote the growth of new shoots. 3 flower bud differentiation and young fruit enlargement fertilizer (from late May to early June). The top dressing is to meet the needs of fruit enlargement, leaf growth and flower bud differentiation. The main fertilizer is potassium fertilizer. 4 The best period for the application of fertilizers is autumn (mid-September and mid-September). When manure is mainly used for manure, phosphorus is applied in full for the whole year. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, phosphate fertilizers must first be accumulated together with organic manure, and then mixed and applied. Its role is to ensure the photosynthesis of fruit trees after harvest to the deciduous, increase the accumulation of nutrients, lay a good foundation for the growth and development of fruit trees next year. On the basis of these four fertilizations, we must also consider cooperating with foliar spray fertilizer and melon and fruit compendium. Spraying 0.3% to 0.5% urea solution + fruits and Zhuang Tiling before July, and spraying 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or fruit tree fertilizer + fruit and fruit turbidity after July.
The roots of fertilized roots are the main organs for absorption of nutrients in fruit trees. The absorption of fertilizers by fruit trees is mainly done by the root hairs in the roots. Therefore, fertilization in the concentrated root system is one of the keys to improving fertilizer efficiency. There is a certain correlation between the aboveground and underside of fruit trees. In general, the distribution of horizontal roots is about 1-2 times the diameter of the canopy, but the vast majority is concentrated on the outer edge of the canopy projection or slightly beyond. Its vertical distribution varies with tree species, soil quality, and management level. The roots of apples, pears, walnuts, chestnuts, grapes, etc. are generally distributed at a depth of 70-80 cm. However, more than 80% of the roots are concentrated in a soil layer of about 60 cm. The roots of peach, apricot, plum, and cherry are distributed. It is shallow and most of it is in about 40 cm of soil. Therefore, when fertilizing, fertilizers should be applied according to this characteristic. The deep root distribution should be properly deepened, and vice versa, the organic fertilizer should be decomposed slowly, and the fertilizer supply period should be longer. It is recommended that deep fertilization be applied and the chemical fertilizers have greater mobility. For example, organic fertilizer is applied to deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples to a depth of 40-60 cm, while shallow rooted fruit trees such as peaches are 30-40 cm. At the same time, fertilization should be based on the projected edge of the crown and a little farther, so as to maximize the fertilizer effect. The main points of foliar spraying are to look at the growth of fruit trees. If the fruit trees grow weak, the branches and leaves grow slowly, and the leaves tend to yellow or pale yellow, indicating that the fruit trees are oxygen-deficient and iron-deficient, spraying nitrogen fertilizer should be the main method, and some citric acid should be sprayed properly. Iron and phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizer; if the leaves are green, branches are too long, nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient, should be mainly sprayed with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, spray some trace elements. 1. Pay attention to the spraying time in the early flowering period, flowering period, strong fruit period on cloudy days or sunny days after 5 pm. The interval is 10 to 15 days. 2. It should be noted that carbon amines in fertilizer nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate rock powders in phosphate fertilizers, etc. are not effective or harmful to foliar sprays and should not be sprayed. Suitable varieties are urea, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ash and trace elements in the borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, iron sulfate. Iron citrate and so on. 3. Distinguish between primary and secondary foliar application of fertilizers is not the main method of fertilization, but is only a method of assisted fertilization that is used when soil fertilization is insufficient. 4. It is necessary to pay attention to the concentration of spraying urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%, superphosphate 0.5% ~ 1.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.4%, ternary compound fertilizer 0 The percentage of borax, zinc sulfate, ferric citrate, and magnesium sulfate in the trace elements is 0.08% to 0.15%. If the leaves are sprayed with fertilizer, they must pay attention to the site. The stomata on the back of the leaves are large and large, and fertilizers are easily absorbed. Therefore, spraying should be done from the top to the bottom of the leaves. Naturally, there will be fertilizer drops below the leaves. The method of spraying fertilizer on leaves is to determine whether the various fertilizers and trace elements can be mixed into liquid mixture, depending on their physical and chemical properties, and cannot be mixed blindly. Otherwise, the fertilizer effect will be lost and the fertilizer will be lost. In addition, in order to avoid short-term drying of the fertilizer solution, a small amount of a wetting agent such as a soap solution or a washing liquid may be added according to the performance of the fertilizer, so that the fertilizer solution can adhere to the leaf surface and be absorbed by the leaves. The main point of apple bagging
First, bagging advantages
1, colorful coloring. Bagging can significantly improve fruit coloring, up to full red fruit, fruit surface smooth and beautiful, no fruit rust, good appearance, according to experimental fruit surface coloring greater than 75% of the proportion accounted for 86.7%.
2, pest prevention. After bagging, the fruit is isolated from the outside world, and pathogens and pests cannot be invaded by humans. It can effectively prevent and cure ringworm disease. Coal pollution. Diseases such as spotted deciduous disease, pox spot disease, peach borer, Li Chunkun, etc.
3, reduce hail damage. Hail occurs in young fruit. At this time, the fruit is still hanging in the bag, and the ice falls on the bag that the drum has risen, which slows its mechanical impact and protects the fruit from harm. According to our investigation, if the bagged fruit is damaged by small hail, the bagged fruit will not be harmed; if the bagging fruit is not seriously damaged by the hail, the bagging will be lighter.
4, is conducive to the production of green food. After bagging, fruits are not directly exposed to pesticides, and the number of fights can be reduced. Do not bag orchard eight times a year to fight pesticides, bagging orchards to play 4 --- 5 times. It can effectively reduce the residual amount of pesticides, and it is conducive to the production of pollution-free green foods, laying the foundation for export earnings.
5, high economic efficiency. In recent years, the apple market has shifted from the seller's market to the buyer's market, and merchants have increasingly stringent requirements on the quality of fruit. Although some orchards have high yields, they have low commodity rates, and the efficiency is not good. Bagging can increase the orchard's commodity rate to about 90%, and at the same time, the fruit surface is delicate, smooth, bright and colorful, with excellent appearance, low pesticide residues, and high selling price and easy sales. From the perspective of market sales last year, the bagging ratio is not high enough. Bag fruit prices are about twice as high and supply falls short of demand.
Second, the type and size of apple bags Apple bags directly affect the quality of the bagging effect, improper use of the bag will not only improve the quality of the fruit but will seriously damage the fruit, but also cause some of the pests (Kangzhai whitefly), fruit The quality of the bag depends on the quality of the bag paper and the manufacturing process. The outer bag paper requirements can withstand the wind and sun, the air permeability is good, the water permeability is not strong, the inner bag does not fade, the wax layer is uniform, and the sun After the wax is not easy to make, the bag needs to have vent holes in the manufacturing process, the bag mouth has a wire, and the inner and outer bags are separated from each other. Products that do not meet the above requirements are shoddy products. We hope that the majority of farmers will pay attention to the quality of the bags when purchasing paper bags. At present, China's production and application of fruit bags are imported bags and domestic bags of two categories, divided into single and double two. According to reports from Xuzhou Orchard, the imported bag is better than the domestic double bag, and the double bag is better than the single-layer newspaper black (the inner surface is painted with black ink). The black bag in the newspaper is better than the milk single-layer bag. Different varieties use different bags. Generally, red varieties use double bags, yellow varieties use single bags, and now production mainly focuses on high-value Fuji bags. Therefore, double bags should be used. The size of paper bags is determined by size. Generally, the inner bag is 155-135mm (diameter 86mm). The best bagging fruit is 80, 85 fruit, the outer bag is 180-140mm, the outer bag mouth is affixed with a 40mm zipper wire, and the lower two corners of the paper bag are 5mm sized. Stoma. Due to the high price of imported bags, most of the farmers are unacceptable, and there are few applications in production. The domestic bags are mixed, and it is hoped that the majority of fruit growers can handle them according to their own economic strength. It is best to buy quality-reliable domestic bags.
Third, bagging technical regulations
1, bagging orchard should have the following conditions: 1 need to have a high level of soil and fertilizer water management, should control nitrogen, potassium, apply more organic fertilizer to increase foliar spray fertilizer + fruit Zhuang Ti Ling, conditional orchards can be carried out Grass or grass cover, efforts to improve the orchard soil organic matter content, change the flood irrigation to drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or infiltration; 2 reasonable pruning, the crown must be air and light, the tree structure is good, branches strong, with reasonable, moderate load; 3 Thinning and fruit thinning, in order to ensure that the fruit of the bagging can grow up and grow well, thinning and fruit thinning must be carried out. When Fuji apples are bagged, they must be sparsely fruited, leave fruit at the center, fruit on a strong branch, and drooping fruit; and 4 pest control. After bagging the apple, the fruit is not exposed to the drug fertilizer, which may cause pest damage and deficiency of the disease. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen pest control and foliar spray before bagging. At least two insecticidal bactericides are sprayed during this period. As well as micro-fertilizer + fruits and sedatives, it ensures that the fruits will not be harmed by pests and diseases, as well as the absorption of calcium, boron, iron, zinc and other trace elements.
2. Period and method of bagging: 1 Bagging should be carried out in late June and completed in early July so that the fruit drop has ended in June. The fruit has obvious advantages and disadvantages. The degree of fruiting and the degree of peel aging are all increased, and it is not easy to damage the fruit. . At the same time, the exposure time is long, pest control time is longer, pests and diseases and lack of disease symptoms are less; 2 bagging method: the lower corner of the bag is compressed horizontally into the bag inside the bag, open the bag, the bag mouth is placed Left hand, with the longitudinal opening facing downwards, with the handle in the longitudinal opening base, hanging the fruit in the bag (don't let the fruit and bag rub, do not put the leaves in the bag), then fold the bag sideways, and finally use the mouth The Zhasi clips the folded bag.
Fourth, picking time and methods: 1 picking bag about 30 days before picking, if too early, long fruit exposure, sunburn and ringworm disease prone to occur, and poor coloring, if too late, low sugar content, flavor It is light and easy to fade after harvesting. If it is only considered from the coloring, it can be used later (20 days before harvesting). 2 methods: first pick the outer bag, then pick the inner bag. It is best to pick out the bags on a cloudy day. Usually when the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the bag is small, take the bags, that is, remove the bags from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., remove the inner bags after 5-7 days of sunshine, and take them in the morning when picking the bags. At 10-12 hours, pick the canopy in the east and north, and pick the canopy in the west and south directions at 2-4 pm. This will reduce the occurrence of sunburn. Remove the bag and hold the fruit in one hand. Tear off the outer bag to prevent falling fruit.
Fifth, bagging should pay attention to the problem:
l, before the set of pest prevention: Although bagging has the effect of preventing pests, but some pests have invaded the fruit before the set, if you do not do a good pest control, fruit after bagging is not in direct contact with pesticides, pests and diseases Will continue to harm the fruit in the bag, lose the significance of bagging, therefore, in the early spring to scrape rough old bark, before sprouting to hit the lime sulfur mixture + melon and fruit sturdiness + general tree maintenance, flowering time before bagging fruit The sensitive period of illness. The ringworm disease and fungal heart disease are easy to invade the fruit in this period, but do not make it. After August, the sugar content in the fruit increases, acidity, calcium concentration, and acid content decrease, and ring spines disease will occur. It is also the peak period of absorption of various elements such as calcium and boron. It is the concurrent period of various pests such as whitefly, aphid, red spider, and leaf leaf moth. It is also a critical period for the increase of the longitudinal diameter of fruit. Drugs and spray fertilizer on pest control, increase fruit setting rate, increase the weight of a single fruit, prevent lack of evidence has a great effect.
2. Carefully carry out sparse flowering and fruit thinning, remove weak flowers, late silk flowers, silk flowers, and tip flowers. When the fruit is set, leave a fruit at 20-25 cm, and leave the center fruit, the fruit with long stem, and the flowers will not be closed. Fruit. Small fruit, flat fruit, glutinous fruit, fleshy handle fruit, asparagus fruit, disease and fruit, and wounded fruit.
3, select the appropriate fruit bag, pay attention to the paper and make the process.
4, bagging sequence should be the first after the next, first inside and outside, the whole fruit by piece and piece by piece, in order to manage, do not tie the iron wire on the handle.
5. Appropriate late mining: postponed harvesting before and after the beginning of winter, this can increase the sugar content, increase the coloring surface, and increase the aftertaste.
Sixth, in the production of problems and solutions
1. Serious fruit drop, poor fertilization, malnutrition, too early bagging, injury to the handle, and attention should be paid to flower spray fertilizer + fruits and sedatives, thinning and fruit thinning, strengthening of fertilizer and water, delaying bagging.
2, Sunburn, and the transparency of bag paper, fruit bags with or without breathable holes, bagging fruit hanging in the bag, and high temperature related. Should pay attention to the selection of high-quality fruit bags, do not let the fruit on the paper wall when bagging, put the fruit in the middle, high temperature weather attention orchard spray, cut large ventilation holes.
3, fruit has spots, mainly soil heavy weight, poor ventilation and light transmission, ringworm pathogenic bacteria, Cornell mealybug harm, bitter pit disease occurs, should pay attention to reasonable pruning, increase organic fertilizer, "spray before the bagging Spray fertilizer.
4. Loss of fruit, mainly due to high temperature and drought, transpiration increased, the concentration of juice in the branches of leaves increased, causing the “source†of the “stock†to be reversed. The water and nutrients in the fruit were caused to flow back into the leaves. Attention should be paid to a small amount of water in the orchard. , If sprinkler irrigation drip irrigation facilities are best.
Apple bagging is a new technology. It has not been a long time since its application in China. Due to the differences in climate conditions, fertilizer and water conditions, cultivation techniques, and quality of paper bags, some problems have emerged. Hopefully, the majority of fruit growers will Situation, careful analysis, careful summary, so as not to cause serious losses in production and negative impact on bagging technology.
Tips for controlling tip flowering techniques 1. Saplings to early fruit trees: Generally flowering is more difficult. Except for promoting flower pruning in summer, autumn is the erection branch that stands out from mid-August to mid-September. Inward branch, auxiliary branch 1 year branch in the spring and autumn tip of the junction wearing a hat trim, can promote the formation of short branches, the formation of flower buds, but pay attention to the strength of the tree trend, generally Wang branch wearing a live cap, weak branches do not wear caps , Wang Shu more wearing hats, weak trees and less wearing a hat, this method has obvious effect on the Red Fuji, Guoguang varieties. Second, cut root promotion flower: juvenile tree combined with autumn base fertilizer, deep pruning the soil to cut the roots, can weaken the root growth advantages, adjust the tree growth and fruit setting contradiction, improve the accumulation of nutrients above the ground, so that more nutrition for flower buds Differentiation. Third, the regulation of fertilizer and water to promote flower: Before and after the autumn equinox or fruit harvest to the deciduous before the fruit tree into the long-acting fertilizer, such as human waste or superphosphate, the general apple tree nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption ratio of 2 : 1:2, while young trees absorb more nitrogen. Therefore, for the saplings of saplings, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. When it is not excessive drought, only winter irrigation and spring irrigation can be performed. When the rain is late, it is necessary to drain water in time and control the shoots and shoots. Fourth, the opening angle: The most appropriate time is in mid-August, but also extend to the end of September, when the slow growth of autumn shoots. The timely opening angle can make all buds develop well and balance, so that the branches on the back of the back and back, both sides and branches of the branches before and after the development of the same, the same strength, is conducive to promoting the formation of short branches into flowers, short branches close planting garden The branches can be drawn at 90 degrees to keep them dry. 5. Fertilizer spraying: Tests have shown that apples of 300 to 1000 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed from young apple trees to fruit trees in early and mid September. This can promote shoot ripening, increase the photosynthetic intensity of leaves, and promote the formation of flower buds. 6. The promotion of Huawang 2 can effectively control the growth of apple tree shoots, increase the proportion of short shoots, and promote flower bud differentiation. Shi Jianzhuang, Shuangjing Development Zone, Shuangjing Development Zone, Hebei Province, said in an interview with Shenzhou TV: In the past few years, Red Fuji apples generally used girdling and paclobutrazol to promote flowers in our district. Although there are certain effects, the side effects are large. As a result, the apple trees are prematurely decayed and various diseases are filled with trees, which greatly shortens the lifespan of the apple trees and affects the normal income of the fruit farmers. Last year, I accidentally discovered the product of “promoting flower king†in Shenzhou, and immediately bought several bottles. According to the instructions for the operation and comparative tests, more than 20 households in our village used this product. By spring this year, everyone said that this kind of "promoting the king of flowers" was really amazing, and spending was small, but the increase was particularly noticeable. The “promoting flower†promoter is a substitute for girdling and stimulating technology. The tree is not damaged, and Da Lei prolongs the life of the fruit tree. Everyone thinks about peeling a bark of tree bark from a tree until autumn, when it grows too long, it is healed and its bark is thin. This directly affects the normal nutrients of the roots to the tree. Supply, especially in fruit cell division, due to insufficient supply of tree nutrients, weak tree, incomplete cell division, resulting in a small fruit, easy fruit drop. According to experiments, after using “promoting flower kingâ€, the tree grows normally, the tree vigor is strong, the supply of tree nutrients is sufficient, and the fruit cells are divided and bright, and the fruit is obviously enlarged. Last year, after my apple tree was using "promoting the king of flowers," the long apples were particularly large and had high sugar content and good color. The largest apple reached 750 grams each, which was half a kilogram. This is not a big blow. Hebei The TV station "Shiji Township" has carried out special programs and was broadcast continuously for two weeks at Hebei TV Station. My big apple won the first prize in the "Red Fuji" Apple Challenge tournament in Hebei Province. It took the throne and won a big motorcycle. In my village, there are usually dozens of households that use “promoting Kaowangâ€. Every family’s apple accounts for more than half a catty, about 1 pound for 80%, others sell 5,6 pounds, and our apple sells for 8 cents. More pounds, but also scrambling to. Fruit management points
Autumn is the season for apple fruit development and it is also an important period for the accumulation of nutrients in leaves and flower buds. In order to promote tree growth and fruit development, both management of autumn and winter must pay attention to fruit management, but also pay attention to soil fertility, pest control and other work. I. Fruit Management To promote fruit coloring and flavor quality development, red varieties, such as Red Fuji apple, usually require pre-harvesting picking, fruit transfer, and bag removal.
1. Pre-harvesting leaves Pre-harvesting leaves are usually divided into 2-3 times. The first time the leaves were picked, it was about 20-25 days before picking. The second harvest was carried out 7-10 days before picking and the main fruit leaves were removed. The third picking can be carried out 3-5 days before picking, and the shaded leaves around 10cm can be removed.
2. The period of pre-harvest and fruit-turning fruit is similar to that of picking the leaves. It is usually divided into one-way fruit conversion, two-way fruit conversion, and continuous fruit conversion.
It should be noted that pre-harvest fruit transfer should be carried out on cloudy days or after 3 or 4 pm in the afternoon to avoid burns caused by strong light.
3. Out of bag management Apple bags should not only pay attention to the time, but also pay attention to methods.
The bagging period is related to use. Post-harvest storage of apples usually takes 7-10 bags before the specified harvest period. The apple that is directly eaten after harvesting is usually taken out of the bag 20-30 days before harvest to promote sufficient coloring of the fruit surface, which is also conducive to the development of the flavor of the fruit.
Debagging is usually performed in two parts, and the problems to be noted are similar to those of fruit transfer.
Soil management points To promote the normal development of trees and fruits, attention should be paid to orchard soil management in autumn and winter. Soil management in autumn and winter includes fertilization and irrigation of orchards. The following are introduced separately.
1. Fertilization in orchard fertilization orchard should pay attention to the type of fertilizer, but also pay attention to the fertilization period and methods.
In order to improve fruit quality and reduce the occurrence of deficiency, organic fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers should be promoted. The previously proposed pounds and nuts are still applicable. Beef and sheep manure and chicken manure are good source of organic fertilizer.
As a common basal fertilizer, the fertilization period is usually in the fall. Fertilization from late September to early October is most beneficial for root growth and tree nutrient storage.
The method of fertilization varies with age. During the sapling period, usually combined with orchard soil expansion point fertilizer, each year in the outside of the planting pit? The carbon post left over from 0-50cm, the organic fertilizer and orchard topsoil 1:2 mixed and filled into the pit, followed by outward expansion . Mature orchards can be ploughed or fertilized in the whole park.
2. Irrigation in orchard-filled fruit orchards depends on the amount of natural precipitation. In general years, orchard irrigation is required during fruit coloring or fruit picking. Irrigation in the coloring stage is beneficial to the development of fruit color. Postharvest irrigation is often performed in parallel with the orchard fertilization, which is conducive to root growth and accumulation of tree nutrients. All localities should determine whether irrigation is needed based on actual conditions.
Pest control points apple early deciduous disease is divided into brown spot disease, gray spot disease, deciduous deciduous disease and other types, its infection approach and prevention methods are not the same, the following are an introduction.
1. Control of brown spot pesticides should be carried out in three phases, that is, spraying after spraying (before the onset of illness), before the rainy season and during the rainy season. Pre-growth spray 1:3:200 Lime Bordeaux mixture + fruit compendium, post-spray, can also be used 600 times 50% tetrazine, 50% carbendazim 800 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 Times, 65% 500 times Daisenzinc + melon fruit Zhuang Tiling prevention and treatment. In the rainy season, 2000-3000 times of adhesive should be mixed.
Early defoliation in apple is mainly manifested as the mixed invasion of brown spots and ash. It is also essential to strengthen the management of soil and fertilizer and improve the disease resistance of trees.
2. Varieties of deciduous disease Alternaria deciduous disease begins in late June in the general year, with the onset of disease from late July to early August. Early onset of spring rain, early autumn heavy onset. It stopped happening in early October. Prevention and treatment of apple leaf spot defoliation, should pay attention to chemical control, from the beginning of flowering, spray 50% acetaminophen WP for 1000 times, + melon fruit morphine or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times + melon fruit Tilling, or 1200 times more than 10% of polyoxine + fruit Zhuang Turing, or 40% 200% aluminum diphosphonate + fruit Zhuang Turing, or 70% of manganese manganese 500 times + fruit Zhuang Turing. Lime multi-type Bordeaux liquid also has better control effect. At present, it has entered the mid-autumn festival and new types of early defoliation will gradually stop the new infection. However, for orchards with a heavier disease this year, the orchards should be cleared of leaves in time, cut off the diseased branches, and be deeply buried to eliminate the source of the disease and reduce the incidence of disease in the next year.
Post-harvest management of apple
The dormancy period of apple trees refers to a period from the natural fall of leaves in the late fall and winter to the budding in the second year of spring. After a year, the fruit trees have germinated, pumped, and flowered. As a result, a lot of nutrients are consumed. The tree from which the fruits are harvested is like the mother of the child. The body is extremely weak. If it is not timely supported and protected, the virus will Take advantage of ...... In order to increase the nutrient reserve of the branches and make them safe for winter, the management of dormancy period of fruit trees is very important. According to the annual cycle and nutrient transport law, from fruit ripening to defoliation is the nutrient reserve period, generally from August to November, its vegetative growth ceased one after another. The nutrients produced in that year were gradually transported and stored in storage organs. The key to management during this period is to maintain the assimilation function of the blades and prevent early defoliation. Management during this period will directly affect the winter cold resistance and flower bud differentiation quality of the tree, and it will play a decisive role in the flowering and growth in the coming year. According to the author's practice, I think we should grasp the following aspects.
First, speed "post-natal" fertilizer due to the results of the tree during the period of consumption of a lot of nutrients, fruit picking as soon as possible after the application of fast-acting fertilizers, promote its early restoration of tree vigor, enhance the role of leaves to create carbohydrates, to ensure adequate Nutrition for flower bud differentiation and tree nutrient storage, improve drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, the general strain applied urea 400-500 grams, 250-300 grams of phosphate fertilizer, potash 150-300 grams, or three yuan compound fertilizer 1 - 1.3 kilograms 2. When the new tip in the canopy is promptly wiped, picked up or twisted, the tip of the canopy is 20-30 centimeters long. When the second tip is 30 cm long, it can be picked up or twisted to promote the aging of shoots. For clustered branches, dense branches, thin and weak branches, drooping branches, leggy branches, and pests and diseases, they should be cut off in part or in whole.
Third, pest control
1. In addition to cutting the branches of pests and diseases, it is necessary to remove the larvae that have been drilled into the trunk for wintering, and also to insert 80% of the cotton soaked with 100 times liquid of dichlorvos emulsified with water or into a thick slurry of mud to plug the insect crossing and kill it. Tianniu and other larvae.
2. Clear the dead branches and fallen leaves in the park, scrape the rough skin of the tree trunk and burn them centrally. Use the lime sulfur agent "General Tree Protector" to brush white trunk 100 times to kill the eggs.
3. Burn the tea dried cake with charcoal yellow and break it with fire. Soak it with 4 times hot water for 4 hours. After cooling, pour it into the garden and kill insects such as tigers, crickets, golden worms, and scarab larvae. .
4. Shallow grazing and cover grass To meet the needs of root growth and respiration of fruit trees, the fruit should be 10-15 cm shallow under the canopy. But in the near trunk only 7-10 cm, and cover some straw, straw or grass, and then cover some of the broken soil to prevent the wind blown away. In this way, the soil can be loosened and ventilated, moisturized, drought-resistant, and insulated and resistant to cold. After the grass rots, it can also increase fertility for the garden.
5. Deeply turn the soil and apply enough basal fertilizer
From late autumn to early winter in October-November, the fruit orchard without crops and intercroppings is subjected to a comprehensive deep-turning and soil reform (without the root plate under the tree), with a depth of 20-25 cm, and the manure dung applied to the individual plants. Composting, indigo, sewage ditch, smashing straw 40-50 kilograms (in the crown vertical vertical dripping line outside the open ditch applied and covered with soil), and then in the park cover 8-10 cm thick straw, and cover some gravel It is beneficial to protect the water, soil and fertilizer in the park and enhance its ability to resist cold and drought. The winter shearing technique points must be observed before pruning. 1. Observing the variety The variety of holding apple trees is different. The germination force and branching force are different. For the varieties with strong sprouting power and good competiveness, the crown is easy to close, the light is insufficient, and the amount of pruning is large. When pruning, more cuts and less cuts are needed to improve the conditions of the light path. On the other hand, if the sprouting force or the ability is not strong enough, the amount of pruning should be controlled, which will result in the shrinking of the tree crown and the bareness of the branches. 2. Observe the strength of the tree with the same tree species and the same age as the apple tree. The pruning of the young tree and the strong tree is straight and light, mainly to slow down, promote the formation of flower buds, and increase the amount of results. The old and weak trees must be cut to the main, through a short cut to stimulate skills, so that as soon as possible to restore the tree potential. However, for older tree ageing, we must use heavy retraction to trim. 3. Observe the flower and fruit harvest to accurately identify the premise of flower buds. When the fruit trees have too many flower buds, they should take more flowers and pruning, keep the top flower buds, leave the buds in the heart, and leave up to 2 clusters of flower buds, so as to achieve the control of flower buds. The total amount and the proportion of flower buds and buds are rationalized. For trees with fewer flower buds, flower buds should be left as much as possible. For treeless flower groups without flower buds, they must be renewed and updated to lay a foundation for the results of the next year. 4. Observe the pruning response Before entering the orchard to cut trees, carefully observe the pruning last year, summarize the gains and losses in pruning, and determine the pruning plan for the year. First of all, it is necessary to clearly identify the backbone schools and the auxiliary culture branches, and then take the corresponding skills which need to be updated and which are being cultivated. Only by mastering fruit tree pruning and pruning last year can we make detours in winter cuts and reduce unnecessary mistakes. Closing the wound after pruning will produce many wounds when pruning the apple tree, and these wounds must be protected by effective measures. When pruning branches, the pruning mouth must be smooth in order to facilitate healing; when removing the big branches and sawing by hand, saw the mouth should be flat, do not leave the pile; otherwise it is easy to cause the xylem of the wound to die or rot; it is forbidden to use an axe to cut large branches; After the twig wound, use a sharp knife to flatten and cut the light; a wound with a diameter of more than one centimeter should be immediately coated with a protective agent, and the wound should not be exposed to the air, so as to avoid dry cracking. During pruning apple saplings should be promoted mainly. Spur-type apples have weak branching ability and slow crown expansion. During sapling, they promote multiple branches and accelerate the formation of crowns. The result is pruned during the period. For strong and strong shoots and full shoots, more use should be made; more flower buds should be removed, and the tree body should be properly loaded so as to maintain the tree vigor of the strong golden mean; when the main branches are used to extend the branches, they need to be used. 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