In addition to the effects of varieties, management techniques, and market prices, peach groves are also important factors influencing the benefits of peach trees. Before and after the Spring Festival, it was during the period of cold shed peach sheds in Beijing and Tianjin. According to my many years of observation and practice, the following management should be strengthened:
First, buckle period
Cold Shed Peach: As the cold shelf peaches do not have cold protection facilities, the temperature is increased by the sunlight and the temperature of the film is kept. Therefore, the temperature difference between day and night is large. The period of the buckle shed is appropriate around February 20, so the flowering period is March 25 to 31, peach The maturation period is early June and early maturity is 10 to 15 days.
Warm-type cold shelf peach: Each 350-450 square meters of the booth is equipped with a heating machine. It is installed near the center of the cold bench. It burns firewood or briquettes, bituminous coal, and the gas exits the shed through the middle of the furnace. The air passes through the furnace bed. After warm-up, hot air is blown north and south through the flue tubes on both sides. Or install three stoves on each side of the shed, each with 6 chimneys, and the gas exits outside the sheds. The period of warming cold shed peach sheds is appropriate from February 2 to April 4, the flowering period is from March 15 to 31, and the maturation period is from May 25 to 31, which is about 20 days earlier than the open field.
Second, after the shed management
Before the flower temperature control: After the shed, care should be taken to properly release the air during the daytime. The daytime temperature should not exceed 20°C. During this period, it is necessary to observe the temperature of the greenhouse at any time. When the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 18°C, the tuyere should be closed immediately, and the shacks and shanty holes must be filled at any time. A wind barrier of 3 meters high must be built on the north side of the shed to facilitate windproof insulation. In short, the greenhouse temperature must be gradually warmed, not to continuous high temperature before flowering, because the high temperature will not only affect the flower bud differentiation, but will promote the development of leaf buds, resulting in the first germination and flowering, thus seriously affecting the fruit setting and yield. Practice has proved that it is appropriate to use 35 days from the shed to flowering. During the first week after the shed, maintain the temperature between 10°C and 18°C ​​during the day, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 20°C. During the mid-day, maintain 12°C to 20°C during the day, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 22°C. Maintain the temperature between 14°C and 23°C during the 15 days before flowering. More than 25 °C.
Covering the film, watering: 3 to 5 days after the shed, cover a 1.5m wide mulch between peach trees. About 10 days after the shed is irrigated, the soil will be watered when the soil is about to be defrosted. The amount of water should not be too large, so as to avoid excessive reduction of soil temperature.
Prevention of pests and diseases: spraying 3 Baumite lime sulfur mixture once during flower bud expansion. The medicine must be finely sprayed and sprayed.
Before flowering, the flower buds are well-identified during the bud enlargement period. First, the large branches and strong branches with no flowers and less flowers on the upper and outer parts of the crown should be cut off. The second is to eliminate the dense and weak branches in the lower middle. Third, the long-chain squid should be moderately light-cut, while the other fruit-bearing twigs should not be short-cut, and should be moderately retracted after fruiting, in order to facilitate ventilation, balance the tree vigor and increase the fruit setting rate.
Third, flowering management
Control locusts: In the bud stage of individual buds spit red spray imidacloprid 3000 times + manganese zinc 800 times or use 1500 times 1 time. Spray well and spray thoroughly to kill peach aphid and germs.
Shed temperature regulation: flowering shed temperature should not be too high, maintained at 14 °C ~ 22 °C during the day, the maximum should not exceed 25 °C. By opening the shed, the shoulders, and the north and south portals to cool the air, at 3 to 4 pm, when the shed reaches 20°C, the tuyere should be closed. At 12 o'clock in the evening, if the temperature of the shed is lower than 5°C, the furnace should be heated immediately until 7 in the morning. In order to prevent freezing and freezing fruit.
Pollination at flowering stage: The fruiting rate of shed peaches during the flowering period was significantly increased by artificial points, but it also increased the burden on fruit thinning. It was also laborious and time-consuming, and it was easy to pave the way for peach trees to affect the growth and results of shed peaches. For many years, the author only spent the first flowering period in the shed peaches. Only the individual sapling trees were artificially given 2 times, and then all of them were carried by a backpack-type motorized sprayer or a hand-powdered duster. That is, from the beginning of flowering to the flowering period at around 11 am When there is no dew, hair pollination is conducted 4 times. Many years of practice have proved that artificial hair pollination is not only good for fruit set, but also simple and fast. If there are few varieties pollinated by shed peaches or the pollination varieties are too concentrated to be planted, they should be first hand-picked and then artificially given in order to prevent the fruit setting and reduce the yield.
Flowering period spraying 20 ml / liters of gibberellin + 0.3% urea solution + 0.3% borax liquid 1 times, spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at the end of full bloom, can significantly improve the fruit setting rate.
Controlling the growth of new shoots: With the increase in the temperature of the shed, it is very easy to cause sheds to prosper, thereby affecting fruit setting and yield. For this reason, except for the weak peach, 15 days after flowering, the main circumcision should be performed. For 10 days, the trunk was cut once more to remove nutrients from the tree and promote fruit setting. Peach trees that are still prosperous in the trunk of the trunk twice can be sprayed with paclobutrazol 150 times.
Fourth, strict fruit thinning
Thinning of fruit should be carried out in 2 separates. The first thinning of fruit should be preceded by 1 week after flowering to remove the diseased fruit, small fruit and double fruit; the second time, 25 days after flowering, the fruit should be set. Thinning fruit should be "according to the production of mu," "quantitative to the tree," "see branches and set the fruit." Strong trees, strong branches can be more appropriate to stay fruit; weak trees, weak branches are less fruit to stay on the specific fruit should retain long fruit branches to stay 3 to 5 fruit, fruit branches to stay 2 to 3 fruit, short fruit branch to stay 1 fruit. In addition, attention should also be paid to the fact that the upper part of the canopy and the surrounding light are good, the fruit is large, and the coloring is good. It may be appropriate to keep more fruit, and less fruit in the inner part and the lower part.
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