High-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of safflower
Safflower, also known as safflower, is an annual herb of the Asteraceae family. It is mainly produced in Henan, Xinjiang and other provinces and the northeast region, and can be grown in most parts of the country. The use of flowers for medicinal purposes has the effect of promoting circulation of blood, obstructing siltation, swelling and pain relief, and is a natural pigment and dye that is widely used today. The oil content of seeds produced after the collection of safflower drugs has reached more than 30%, and the processed safflower oil is an important industrial raw material. According to the analysis of planting conditions in the main producing areas of red flowers in recent years, most of the medical farmers still use the traditional ancient planting methods for production. They do not understand the requirements for soil, climate, and planting time due to the growth of safflower, and blind planting leads to low yield and quality per mu. Poor and economic benefits are not significant, seriously affecting the development of the safflower industry, resulting in a reduction in the supply of safflower. The price has doubled from RMB 23/kg in 2002 to the current RMB 40/kg, which has doubled; it is now close to red. To spend the best planting season once a year, so, based on the production practices in recent years, the author discussed the following suggestions on the high-quality and high-yield technical measures of safflower for reference by the majority of farmers.
First, carefully select plots to prevent pests and diseases.
As safflower has strong adaptability, drought tolerance and salt and alkali resistance, basically any soil can grow. Therefore, people ignore the choice of plots in the traditional planting mode, resulting in vegetative growth of plants, poor resistance to diseases and insect pests, and serious Affects output and benefits. To make safflower high-yield and high-quality, first of all, the following points should be noted: 1. Soil selection should be done in the soil with medium loam or light clay and a pH value between 6.5-8.5. If the soil is too sandy, its water-retaining and fertilizer-preserving abilities are poor, the required nutrients cannot meet the growth requirements, the growth is thin and weak, and the diseases in the later stages are serious. The resulting corolla is small, the safflower seeds are lean, and they are easy to fall in the late stage of growth, and the yield is low. ,low quality. The soil is too viscous or heavy saline (PH value greater than 8.5), poor ventilation and permeability, dense structure, easy to form soil compaction, nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis can not be normal, harmful substances in the soil can not be discharged in time, significantly inhibit the root The growth, if serious, will cause the death of the safflower plant. 2, the choice of the terrain The so-called topography is the height and low slope of the site, including mountain, ridge, flatland. The topography of planting safflower should be a land with high dryness and no water. Mountainous areas should be selected from low mountains, sunny slopes or semi-sunny slopes; the slopes of the Qiuling block should not be too steep; slopes should not exceed 20 degrees; flat drainage facilities should be provided, and sorghum plants should be planted around the land. A drainage ditch was dug in the middle of the block to ensure that there was no water in the plot after heavy rain. Reduce and prevent the damage caused by anthrax to safflower in recent years. 3, can not be connected to the safflower cultivation land is best The former crop is leguminous or gramineous crops, the implementation of more than three years of rotation cropping system, so that some pests lack of host conditions, you can economically and effectively inhibit or reduce a The damage of some pests to safflower plants reduces production costs and artificial investment, laying a good foundation for high quality and high yields.
Second, timely sowing to meet the requirements of natural conditions for each period.
Since the safflower has different requirements for environmental conditions such as temperature, light, and moisture during the entire growing season, the optimum sowing time should be selected according to the changing rules of climate conditions in the year of planting and the biological characteristics of safflower. 1, in terms of temperature, safflower seeds can germinate more than 5 degrees, vegetative growth stage temperature 15-20 degrees is the most appropriate, reproductive growth stage best 20-28 degrees. 2. In terms of sunshine, during the period of vegetative growth, short days of sunshine are conducive to plant development; and entering the flowering and seeding stage, a longer period of sunshine conditions can promote corolla hypertrophy and full grain formation, thus achieving high yields. 3, in terms of moisture, due to the development of safflower root system, in addition to the seedling stage and the formation of flower buds need a certain amount of water, there is no strict requirement for water in other periods, especially in the late growth period, hi drought fear, such as this period of excessive humidity, Too much moisture in the soil will cause many kinds of diseases. Therefore, based on the three main biological characteristics of the above safflowers, the most suitable autumn sowing in North China and Huanghuai regions will be before and after the autumnal equinox to the frost fall; the south of the Yangtze River and Xinjiang, northeast and northwest regions should be sown in spring, and sowing time should be It is advisable not to delay the planting when the 5 cm ground temperature is stable at about 5 degrees. The determination of the specific best sowing time should be based on the changes in climate conditions in each year of the region, combined with the biological characteristics of safflower, reasonable and scientific scheduling sowing time, in order to high quality and high yield, ensure economic benefits.
Third, choose varieties, lay the foundation for high quality and high yield.
Select "short thorns" for a variety of red flower varieties. The morphological characteristics of the variety: plant height 120 cm, the whole plant smooth and hairless, stems upright, lower woody, more than the upper branch, single plant alternate, sessile, base with amphibian, leaves ovate-lanceolate, apical cusp. Flowering from May to June, fruiting season from June to July, the seeds weigh 35 grams. Growth habits: 110 days of growth. Sexual warm and slightly dry climate, more drought, cold, strong adaptability. Fear of fishing, avoid high temperature, long-day varieties, with many years of field cultivation experience, if the late growth period of longer sunshine, can promote flowering results, can obtain high yield. For the soil is not strict, good dry, well-drained, moderately fertile sandy loam is better, not continuous. Breeding methods: seed propagation, live broadcast is better, large-scale planting machine can be harvested by machine, you can use sowing wheat, rice seeder sowing, harvesting safflower seeds can be harvested with a combine harvester. Use about 3 kg per acre. Cycle; planted in September-October, harvested safflower in the middle and late May of the following year, and matured in June. Spring sowing was in June and the seeds were collected in July. Yield: Acre (667 square meters) produces 150 kilograms of flowers with a dry rate of 25%. Dry goods 40 kg, 30% more than other varieties can increase production. Another can receive 120 kg of safflower seeds.
(For details, please refer to "Shandong Science and Technology Information", 2004, No. 1444, 4th edition, "Rural Pepsi", No. 20, 2004, No. 20, page 31, Introduction of Glycyrrhiza and Red Flowers).
Shandong Heze City Runkang Chinese Medicine Institute Li Hongjun Li Lei
Address: No. 129, Mudan North Road, Heze City, Shandong Province
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