(A) Morphological characteristics Perennial herb, plant height 60-150 cm, whole plant densely covered with white fuzz. The stems are upright, the bases are lignified, they are more branched, and the branches are slightly ribbed. Leaves alternate, petiolate, leaf blade ovate or narrowly oblong, margin shortly serrate, base cordate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, total indica hemispherical, green; raylike flowers inflorescence margin, tongue white, reddish or lavender, stamenless; pistil 1; tubular flowers in central inflorescence, bisexual, yellow, apex 5 cracks, polythene stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior. Achene cylindrical, generally not developed. Flowering from September to November, fruiting period from January to January.
(ii) Growth habits Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant that can flower early in short days. Hi sunshine, bogey shade, more drought-tolerant, afraid of embarrassment. Hi warm and humid climate, but it can also be cold-resistant. In winter, roots can survive in the winter. Flowers can tolerate micro-creams, but seedlings grow and branches need higher temperatures during the bud stage. The optimum growth temperature is about 20°C.
(III) Cultivation Technology
1. Land selection, land preparation and dry land and paddy fields can be planted. But should choose sunny, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil, pH 6-8, avoid continuous cropping, low-lying water plots should not be planted. Apply 4,000 kg of farmyard fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of bean cake as a base fertilizer, deepen 30 cm deep, make a fine leveling, and make a 1.2-1.5 m sorghum. For seedlings used for cuttings, sandy loam with a flat topography and well-drained water should be selected.
2. The breeding method can be divided into roots and cuttings, and the cutting propagation is strong, strong in disease resistance, and high in yield, so it is commonly used in production.
(1) After the roots have been harvested for the first time, the roots of the robust plants are selected and the top cover of the plants is kept warm for the winter. In the following year, from April to March, the soil is opened and the manure water is poured to promote the rapid growth of the sprouts. In April-May, when the seedling height is 15 to 25 centimeters, select the cloudy days and dig up the roots; select ramets, select stout and fibrous root seedlings, remove the chrysanthemum seedlings, leave about 20 centimeters long, and press the spacing 4O Centimeter, 30 cm spacing, 6-10 cm deep hole, one plant per hole. Soil compaction after planting and timely watering.
(2) Cutting propagation is carried out between April and May. The thick, new pest-free cuttings are selected as cuttings, cut into 10-12 cm lengths, and the lower leaves are cut off. The lower end of the cuttings is cut into inclines. 8 cm 15 cm into the seedbed, into the depth of 1/2-2/3 of the cuttings, with the cut with the plug. When inserting the seedbed should not be too wet, otherwise easy to die, the most suitable rooting temperature of the cuttings is 15-18 °C, after inserting the seedlings, it is best to cover the top of a layer of straw, and put a good shelter, to maintain a certain humidity, about 20 Days can take root. After 30-35 days, when the seedling height is 20 centimeters, the field can be transplanted.
3. Field management (1) After cultivating and weeding chrysanthemums, the cultivars and weeds are mainly cultivated and weeded. The cultivars are weeded slightly to make the topsoil dry and loose. The roots are moistened under the roots, and the water and fertilizers are controlled so that the growth of the shoots is slow, commonly known as “seedlingsâ€. After the roots of people are developed, they should be shallow to avoid injury.
(2) Fertilizer chrysanthemum has strong fertility, needs large amount of fertilizer, and is generally top dressing 2-3 times. The first time it is combined with soil in the topping, the diluted manure excrement is 1,000 kg per mu; the second time before budding, Per mu of human urine excrement 2000 kilograms, plus 15 kg of superphosphate, in order to facilitate more blooming, open big flowers. Can also be used 2% superphosphate solution for extra-root fertilizer.
(3) After rowing and irrigating, it is necessary to reduce watering after easing seedlings. After drought in late June, it is necessary to water more, especially before and after the period of budding, and it must be ensured that there is sufficient water; and timely watering after topdressing. The rainy season should promptly rule out the accumulation of water in the fields.
(4) Topping, earthing in growth, generally topping 1-3 times, to promote multi-branch, specific time and data growth conditions may be. Generally the first time in early June, hit 10 cm, leaving 30 cm high, the second time at the end of June, and the third time no later than the end of July. After the first topping, combine cultivating and weeding, cultivate 15-18 cm of soil in the rhizosphere and strengthen the root system to prevent lodging.
4. Pest control (1) Leaf blight, also known as leaf blight. It began in mid-April and late, and it inflicted damage to the leaves. Control methods: After flowering, all plants on the ground were cut and burned in concentrated manner; at the early stage of disease, diseased leaves were removed, and alternate spraying of 1:1:lbo doubling liquid Bordeaux mixture and 50% chlorpyrifos-industry l000-fold liquid was performed.
(2) Fusarium wilt originated from early June to early July, with severe onset after flowering, and damage to the whole plant and rot. Control methods: choose disease-free old roots to keep seed; crop rotation; make sorghum, open deep trenches, reduce humidity; remove diseased plants and sprinkle lime powder in diseased holes or watering with 50% carbendazim.
(3) Downy mildew originated in March, and secondary onset occurred in October. Severe onset in the event of heavy rain, damage to the ground. Control methods: seedlings were soaked with 40% sapogenin 300-400 times for 10 minutes; during the onset period, they were sprayed with 40% epimedium 200 times or 50% rapamycin 500 times.
(4) The chrysanthemums, also known as the chrysanthemum tigers, occur from May to July and the larvae feed on the stems. Control methods: When the shoot tip is wilted, it is removed about 4 cm below the fracture site, and is destroyed centrally; from May to July, adults are caught on the plants before the dew is dried in the morning; in the morning, the adults are killed by spraying with 50% phosphoric acid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times. . In addition, there are locusts, cockroaches, tawny owls and other damage.
(4) Harvesting and processing The first picking in the first ten days of the year of planting in the year of the year was about 50% of the total output, the second picking was done every 5-7 days, which was about 30% of the output, and the third one was harvested after another 7 days. Times. The standard of flower collection is: the petals are straight, 80% of the flowers are scattered, and the flower is white. The flower head is usually taken off after sunny dew or afternoon. After the flowers are harvested, they are thinly spread for half a day, and then the sunburn flowers are placed in a small steamer with a diameter of five centimeters. The thickness is generally four flowers high, about 1.6 centimeters thick, and then steamed on a wok with water. When steaming, the firepower should be uniform, keep the temperature within the cage at about 90°C, and remove it after steaming for 3-5 minutes. Set on the bamboo curtain to dry, sun 3-4 days after turning flowers, and then ventilated indoor exhaust, after 1 week and then drying to dry Serve.
(ii) Growth habits Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant that can flower early in short days. Hi sunshine, bogey shade, more drought-tolerant, afraid of embarrassment. Hi warm and humid climate, but it can also be cold-resistant. In winter, roots can survive in the winter. Flowers can tolerate micro-creams, but seedlings grow and branches need higher temperatures during the bud stage. The optimum growth temperature is about 20°C.
(III) Cultivation Technology
1. Land selection, land preparation and dry land and paddy fields can be planted. But should choose sunny, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil, pH 6-8, avoid continuous cropping, low-lying water plots should not be planted. Apply 4,000 kg of farmyard fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of bean cake as a base fertilizer, deepen 30 cm deep, make a fine leveling, and make a 1.2-1.5 m sorghum. For seedlings used for cuttings, sandy loam with a flat topography and well-drained water should be selected.
2. The breeding method can be divided into roots and cuttings, and the cutting propagation is strong, strong in disease resistance, and high in yield, so it is commonly used in production.
(1) After the roots have been harvested for the first time, the roots of the robust plants are selected and the top cover of the plants is kept warm for the winter. In the following year, from April to March, the soil is opened and the manure water is poured to promote the rapid growth of the sprouts. In April-May, when the seedling height is 15 to 25 centimeters, select the cloudy days and dig up the roots; select ramets, select stout and fibrous root seedlings, remove the chrysanthemum seedlings, leave about 20 centimeters long, and press the spacing 4O Centimeter, 30 cm spacing, 6-10 cm deep hole, one plant per hole. Soil compaction after planting and timely watering.
(2) Cutting propagation is carried out between April and May. The thick, new pest-free cuttings are selected as cuttings, cut into 10-12 cm lengths, and the lower leaves are cut off. The lower end of the cuttings is cut into inclines. 8 cm 15 cm into the seedbed, into the depth of 1/2-2/3 of the cuttings, with the cut with the plug. When inserting the seedbed should not be too wet, otherwise easy to die, the most suitable rooting temperature of the cuttings is 15-18 °C, after inserting the seedlings, it is best to cover the top of a layer of straw, and put a good shelter, to maintain a certain humidity, about 20 Days can take root. After 30-35 days, when the seedling height is 20 centimeters, the field can be transplanted.
3. Field management (1) After cultivating and weeding chrysanthemums, the cultivars and weeds are mainly cultivated and weeded. The cultivars are weeded slightly to make the topsoil dry and loose. The roots are moistened under the roots, and the water and fertilizers are controlled so that the growth of the shoots is slow, commonly known as “seedlingsâ€. After the roots of people are developed, they should be shallow to avoid injury.
(2) Fertilizer chrysanthemum has strong fertility, needs large amount of fertilizer, and is generally top dressing 2-3 times. The first time it is combined with soil in the topping, the diluted manure excrement is 1,000 kg per mu; the second time before budding, Per mu of human urine excrement 2000 kilograms, plus 15 kg of superphosphate, in order to facilitate more blooming, open big flowers. Can also be used 2% superphosphate solution for extra-root fertilizer.
(3) After rowing and irrigating, it is necessary to reduce watering after easing seedlings. After drought in late June, it is necessary to water more, especially before and after the period of budding, and it must be ensured that there is sufficient water; and timely watering after topdressing. The rainy season should promptly rule out the accumulation of water in the fields.
(4) Topping, earthing in growth, generally topping 1-3 times, to promote multi-branch, specific time and data growth conditions may be. Generally the first time in early June, hit 10 cm, leaving 30 cm high, the second time at the end of June, and the third time no later than the end of July. After the first topping, combine cultivating and weeding, cultivate 15-18 cm of soil in the rhizosphere and strengthen the root system to prevent lodging.
4. Pest control (1) Leaf blight, also known as leaf blight. It began in mid-April and late, and it inflicted damage to the leaves. Control methods: After flowering, all plants on the ground were cut and burned in concentrated manner; at the early stage of disease, diseased leaves were removed, and alternate spraying of 1:1:lbo doubling liquid Bordeaux mixture and 50% chlorpyrifos-industry l000-fold liquid was performed.
(2) Fusarium wilt originated from early June to early July, with severe onset after flowering, and damage to the whole plant and rot. Control methods: choose disease-free old roots to keep seed; crop rotation; make sorghum, open deep trenches, reduce humidity; remove diseased plants and sprinkle lime powder in diseased holes or watering with 50% carbendazim.
(3) Downy mildew originated in March, and secondary onset occurred in October. Severe onset in the event of heavy rain, damage to the ground. Control methods: seedlings were soaked with 40% sapogenin 300-400 times for 10 minutes; during the onset period, they were sprayed with 40% epimedium 200 times or 50% rapamycin 500 times.
(4) The chrysanthemums, also known as the chrysanthemum tigers, occur from May to July and the larvae feed on the stems. Control methods: When the shoot tip is wilted, it is removed about 4 cm below the fracture site, and is destroyed centrally; from May to July, adults are caught on the plants before the dew is dried in the morning; in the morning, the adults are killed by spraying with 50% phosphoric acid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times. . In addition, there are locusts, cockroaches, tawny owls and other damage.
(4) Harvesting and processing The first picking in the first ten days of the year of planting in the year of the year was about 50% of the total output, the second picking was done every 5-7 days, which was about 30% of the output, and the third one was harvested after another 7 days. Times. The standard of flower collection is: the petals are straight, 80% of the flowers are scattered, and the flower is white. The flower head is usually taken off after sunny dew or afternoon. After the flowers are harvested, they are thinly spread for half a day, and then the sunburn flowers are placed in a small steamer with a diameter of five centimeters. The thickness is generally four flowers high, about 1.6 centimeters thick, and then steamed on a wok with water. When steaming, the firepower should be uniform, keep the temperature within the cage at about 90°C, and remove it after steaming for 3-5 minutes. Set on the bamboo curtain to dry, sun 3-4 days after turning flowers, and then ventilated indoor exhaust, after 1 week and then drying to dry Serve.
A Heating Pad is a pad used for warming of parts of the body in order to manage pain. Localized application of heat causes the blood vessels in that area to dilate, enhancing perfusion to the targeted tissue.
Heating pad is used for soothing painful joints & sore muscles & promote blood circulation in the form of heat therapy. Normally it is regulated by a controller with 3-4 heat settings.
Heating Pad
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