Long kiss? Pond culture technology

Long kiss is a rare freshwater fish native to China's Yangtze River. Before the 1970s, the production of the Long Kiss was entirely dependent on river fishing. In recent years, the resources of the Yangtze River have been severely depleted due to environmental pollution and over-fishing. Since the 1980s, China’s aquatic science and technology workers have conducted artificial breeding and breeding techniques on the Long Kiss, which has enabled this precious fish to be used as an intensified breeding target for ponds or cages. In 1999, we conducted a pond culture of long-kissed fish species and adult fish in Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, and achieved a good breeding effect. The relevant breeding techniques are summarized below.
I. Fish breeding
1. Pond conditions and preparation Fish breeding ponds are rectangular ponds with an area of ​​2 mu. The average water depth is 1.5 meters. The drainage culverts are attached and a 750 watt impeller aerator is installed in the pool. Ten days before the fry enters the pool, drain the pond water, clear the pond with quick lime 400 kg and copper sulfate 5 kg. In order to facilitate the operation and management of fry feeding, around the food table, a 20 m 2 water surface was used as a fry feeding pool and a small air aeration pump was placed.
2. Source and transport of fingerlings The long-kissed fingerlings used in this test were purchased from a farm in Guangdong, with a specification of 3 cm. Two bags of oxygen are used for oxygenation and air transport. Each bag contains 500 pieces. One third of the water is exchanged during refueling, recharged with oxygen, and then transported to the destination. After the water temperature is adjusted for one hour, it is put into a fish breeding pond. The entire journey took nearly 12 hours and the survival rate reached 98%.
3. Feeding, domesticating, and kissing: It is a carnivorous fish that feeds on live baits such as leeches and otters. In order to achieve the purpose of aquaculture with artificial feed, it is necessary to undergo a domesticated stage of feeding conversion.
(1) Turning the feed with a meat grinder to twist the fresh wild fish into fish gizzards. As a long-knead hutching food attractant, an appropriate amount of duck egg white may be added to increase the feed viscosity, and the food attractant may be used. The proportion is divided into 5 stages from 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% to 0. Each stage lasts for 2 days, ie gradually increasing the proportion of artificial compound feed and reducing the proportion of attractant. All were fed with fish gizzards, to long kisses, and fully fed artificial compound feed.
(2) Feeding, domesticating and kissing. The fish's inherent feeding habits and long-distance transportation have determined that it has an adaptation process to the pond's new environment and tame feed. At the beginning of tame-breeding, the tame diet can be made into small particles of soft feed, sprinkled on the bottom of the pool to observe the feeding situation of the long kiss, gradually reduce the feeding range, and finally transition to the food table, the implementation of "fixed-point" feeding , feed from small particles to large particles last to dough-like. Because of the characteristics of clustering, it is helpful to set up an aeration pump near the food table to create a high dissolved oxygen microfluidic environment, which is very helpful for the long-knead tame effect and to improve the survival rate of the species. The process of switching to domestication lasts for about 10 days.
4. Day-to-day management After tame food, remove the fence and keep the oxygen pump on the side of the table for a few days in order to prolong the kiss and feed on the food table in the big pond. The feeding rate is fed at 5% to 10%, once in the morning and at night, and due to the long-kissed and hi-night activities, the amount of feeding at night accounts for about 70% of the daily feeding amount. It is advisable to eat it after 1 to 2 hours after feeding. On sunny days, open the aerator for 1 to 2 hours at noon every day, and fill the pond with appropriate amount of fresh water. On an overcast day, open the aerator for 1 to 2 hours every morning.
5. Disease prevention and treatment
(1) The clams and crayfish are long-kicked. The breeding time of fry into the pool is also the breeding season of frogs and crawfish. Their main hazard to long snouts is competition with food. Crawfish can also harm fry. Control methods: Clear the pond thoroughly with quick lime, and timely remove the frog's eggs when patrolling the pond. If necessary, you can use a dense net to catch and clear the entire pool.
(2) Trichodinosis is parasitic on the long-knee sting and body surface. The fish suffering from this disease are emaciated, have little or no food, and it is very common at the time of fingerling cultivation. Control methods: Use Quantitative Sprinkling Copper Sulfate and Ferrous Sulfate (5:2) mixture 0.2 mg/L every other day for 2 to 3 consecutive times to cure.
6. Results After 150 days of cultivation, the average length of the long-kissed fish species was 20.47 cm, the average body length was 18.33 cm, the average body weight was 95 g, the survival rate was 80%, and the feed coefficient was 1.6.
Second, adult fish breeding
1. Source and transport of fingerlings The fish used in this experiment was derived from Jingzhou, Hubei Province. The average length of the fingerling was 19 cm, the average body length was 17 cm, and the average body weight was 72.5 g. The fish species were allowed to stop for 24 hours before shipment. They were transported on truck-loaded open canvas cans. The containers contained 1.5 tons of water. Because of the long distance, to prevent traffic jams and other factors leading to long kisses and lack of oxygen, the vehicle was equipped with liquid oxygen and Oxygen booster. After nearly 30 hours of transport, 750 species of fish have a survival rate of 99%.
2. Rearing and management of rearing of adult fishes is similar to that of fingerlings. Due to the high requirement for dissolved oxygen, fresh water is added every day, so that the average daily water exchange rate is about 10% of the pool water, and the timing is increased. Oxygenators, maintaining the high dissolved oxygen in pool water are key to adult fish farming. The daily feeding amount is about 3% of the weight of the fish, which is divided into two feedings in the morning and evening. The feeding amount in the evening accounts for 70% of the daily feeding amount. In order to increase the growth rate of fish and enhance disease resistance, appropriate amounts of vitamin E should be added to the diet. Feeding quantity is adjusted according to water quality and eating conditions.
3. Disease prevention and treatment
(1) Intestinal disease As the amount of feed increases, especially in the vigorous growth of 7,8,9 months, long kisses are susceptible to the disease. Control methods: Ensure that the bait and feeding tools are clean and hygienic, food tables and ponds are periodically disinfected with quick lime or bleaching powder; baits are fed with 5 g of furazolidone-recombined bait per kilogram of feed.
(2) The main head of the fish is the main disease in the adult fish breeding stage. If it is not timely controlled, it can cause long kisses and a large number of deaths. With 0.5 mg/L crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa for several days, the disease can be controlled.
4. Results After 180 days of cultivation, the average length of the long snouts was 35.4 cm, the average body length was 31.2 cm, the average body weight was 475 g, the survival rate was 85%, and the bait coefficient was 1.8.
Third, summary and discussion
1. Long-kissing? Both the breeding of ponds and the culture of adult fishes have achieved good results. The techniques can be summarized as follows: 1 Safe and delicate seed transportation; 2 Steady transfer and domestication of fish species; 3 Timing Air quality control measures such as aeration and timely addition of fresh water, meet the high dissolved oxygen required for long-growth growth; 4 prevention and control of disease, and adopting measures that are disease-free, early-disease, and disease-free, ensure fish The higher survival rate of species and adult fish.
2. In the rearing pond of adult fish, 50 centimeters per mu, which is 5 centimeters in size, can eliminate or suppress the wild fish in the pond, and reduce the waste of feed and the consumption of dissolved oxygen. Judging from the test results, the average weight of carp has reached about 300 grams to achieve the purpose of raising the breeding efficiency and economic efficiency. If a suitable amount of filter-feeding fish is raised, the breeding effect will be better.
3. Long kisses are very sensitive to copper sulphate, but multiple application of small doses (0.2 mg/l) of copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate mixture are very effective in controlling trichodinosis. It can also inhibit the growth and regulation of spirophores. Water quality.
4. From the results of long-swept fingerling breeding, it can be seen that the specifications of the fingerlings are not well-ordered, and the size and differentiation are obvious. The largest individual has a body weight of 135 grams, and the smallest individual has a body weight of only 60 grams. This may cause obvious differences among individuals. The number of food counters is insufficient and eating is uneven. According to the relevant information, 4 to 6 food stations should be set up per acre pond, and the number of food stations should be appropriately increased. It is also possible to reduce the feed coefficient and improve the aquaculture efficiency.

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