Red-fleshed pomelo is a unique bud mutation discovered in the stream of pomelo in 1998. This variety stands out for its distinct characteristics, making it a valuable addition to citrus cultivation.
**Biological Characteristics:**
The young trees grow upright, while the mature trees have a semi-spreading crown with a rounded shape. New shoots are green and triangular, featuring thorns between the nodes. The branches are typically 1-2 years old, with a greenish-brown color and a round shape. The stems and branches are gray-brown in color. Buds are naked, without scales, and only covered by bracts. Multiple buds often appear, with one main bud accompanied by 2-4 smaller ones. The leaves are single, long-elliptical in shape, measuring between 11 cm and 13.5 cm in length, and 5.5 cm to 7.7 cm in width. They have blunt tips that often form small notches. The leaf margins are entire, and the surface is dark green and smooth. There are no large oil cells visible on the leaves. The petioles are large and heart-shaped, measuring about 3.4 cm to 4.2 cm in length and 3.3 cm to 4 cm in width. The blade life lasts around 15 months.
The inflorescence is a raceme, sometimes consisting of a single flower. Flowers are complete, with a calyx, petals, pistil, stamens, and a receptacle. The diameter ranges from 4.2 cm to 5.6 cm. Petals are white, numbering between 3 to 5, and they droop slightly. There are 25 to 33 stamens, with thick filaments and yellow anthers that produce plenty of pollen. The style is purple, with a thickness of 0.25 cm to 0.35 cm and a length of 1.4 cm to 1.6 cm. The ovary is 0.62 cm to 0.75 cm high, and the stigma is large, measuring 0.52 cm to 0.65 cm.
**Growth Habits:**
As shown in Table 3, the growth conditions of first- and second-generation saplings differ. The apical dominance is strong, and young trees tend to develop unevenly, with some parts growing stronger than others. The buds mature early, and with sufficient water and fertilizer, saplings can sprout 5 to 6 times within a year. By the third year, the tree enters the production stage, and by the fifth or sixth year, it reaches full productivity, yielding approximately 200 pounds per plant.
**Phenophase:**
In Pinghe County, red-fleshed pomelo is harvested throughout the four seasons. Shoots emerge in late March, late June, late July, and mid-October. The initial flowering period starts in March, with peak blooming from late March to early April, and the final flowering occurs in mid-April. About 50% of the flowers open during this time. The fruit development period runs from early April to early September, and it matures about 20–25 days earlier than Xixi honey grapefruit.
**Fruit Characteristics:**
The fruit is obovoid in shape, with a longitudinal to transverse diameter ratio of 15.5:16. The average weight is 1480 grams, ranging from 1200 g to 2350 g. The skin is yellow-green, and the fruit shoulder is round, with a slight asymmetry on the side. The top is flat, slightly concave, and the ring mark is not very noticeable. The fruit surface has a rough texture due to the presence of oil glands, and the stem is thicker. The peel is thin, averaging 0.7 cm to 0.9 cm in thickness. The number of segments ranges from 13 to 17, with a fissure rate of 54%, and the inner membrane is pink. The juice cells are red, juicy, and have a sweet-sour flavor, offering excellent quality. In 2003 and 2004, quality tests showed total sugar content at 8.76%, total acid at 0.74%, vitamin C at 37.85 mg/100g, soluble solids at 11.55%, and juice content at 59%. The carotenoid content included lycopene (72.15 ± 1.13 µg/g) and β-carotene (41.10 ± 2.24 µg/g), confirming its superior quality.
**Pest Control Measures:**
Citrus carbon disease is managed by spraying adult trees after pruning, as well as during the early fruiting and fruit enlargement stages. Macular disease mainly occurs during the rainy season in May and June, and is controlled using copper-based preparations 2–3 times. Sooty mold is prevented through insect control and proper disease management. When locusts, cockroaches, or black locust species infest the orchard, timely treatment is necessary. For red spider control, if nymph density exceeds 100 per 100 leaves, 200 *Blunt Tips* are released per plant, and the use of highly toxic pesticides is prohibited. For leaf miners, biological control methods such as releasing predators every 20 days are effective. Papilio species are manually removed, and mistletoe bees are protected. Bt emulsion diluted 1000 times can be used for chemical control. Leaf roller moth control begins when shoots are less than 3 mm in length. Orange fly is primarily controlled through artificial trapping.
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