The pond needs to have sufficient water, good water quality, and convenient drainage. The area should be around 3 to 5 mu. The pond should have a slight slope to ensure proper water flow. To prevent crayfish from escaping, the pond’s width should be over 1.5 meters, with a 0.5-meter-high smooth wall or escape board around the edges. In the center of the pond, a small loach (not connected to the main pond) is constructed to provide shelter for crayfish. The loach should be about 4/5 the length of the pond, at least 1 meter wide, and 5 to 10 cm above the water level. The depth of the pond should be between 0.8 to 1.5 meters, with shallow areas surrounding the middle. The bottom should be equipped with roots, bamboo tubes, and other structures for the crayfish to hide and feed. Before stocking, the pond must be thoroughly sterilized using 300 to 500 kg of cooked manure per acre. Aquatic plants such as Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata, Eichhornia crassipes, Water Lilies, and Water Peanuts should cover about 30% of the pond area to provide shade and habitat for the crayfish.
Juvenile shrimp are usually stocked in three different ways. First, summer stocking involves placing the first batch of hatchlings in mid-July, with a stocking density of 30,000 to 40,000 per acre for 0.8 cm-sized shrimp. Second, fall stocking takes place from mid-August to September, with larger shrimp sizes. For 1.2 cm shrimp, the stocking rate is 25,000 to 30,000 per acre, while 2.5 to 3 cm shrimp are stocked at 15,000 to 20,000 per acre. Third, winter and spring stocking occurs in December or March to April, involving shrimp that did not meet market size requirements. This method includes 100 to 200 fish per kilogram, with a stocking rate of 15,000 to 20,000 per acre. After two breeding seasons, these shrimp can be sold between June and July.
When stocking juvenile shrimp, they should be healthy, active, and free from disease. All shrimp in the same pond should be of similar size. Before introducing them to the pond, place the shrimp in a plastic basin and gradually add water until the temperature matches that of the pond. Add 3-4% saltwater for disinfection for 5 minutes, then slowly release the shrimp along the edge of the pond. Avoid exposing them to air for too long. If the shrimp are returned after being out of water for a long time, let them rest in the basin for 20 minutes before restocking.
Feeding can include minced fish, snail meat, silkworm pupae, clams, slaughterhouse by-products, rice bran, bean cake, wheat bran, pumpkin, hawthorn, and fresh water grass. Shrimp feed can also be used, but it should have a crude protein content of at least 25%. From July to October, when temperatures are ideal, shrimp grow rapidly. During this period, feed them fully so that all food is consumed without leftovers. Animal-based feed should account for 8-12% of the shrimp's body weight, while compound feed should be 3-5%. Feed twice daily—more in the evening, with 60-70% of the total amount given at night. In other seasons, feed once a day, either before or after sunset, with 2-5% of their body weight as the daily ration.
Crayfish have limited swimming ability and tend to stay in one area, so feeding should be done on a fixed schedule, at specific locations, and in measured amounts. Feeding should increase on sunny days and decrease during hot weather, heavy rain, or poor water quality. When large numbers of shrimp are molting, reduce feeding after the shells harden.
Daily management is crucial. Regularly inspect the pond to detect and address issues early. One week after stocking, apply 50-60 kg of cooked manure per acre. In the middle and later stages of the growing period, use 15-20 kg of fermented manure per mu. Keep the water green or brown with a transparency of about 35 cm. Change water frequently: every 5-7 days in summer and every 15-20 days otherwise. Each time, replace 20-30% of the water. Maintain a pH between 7 and 9, and ensure dissolved oxygen levels exceed 4 mg/L. Regularly disinfect and improve the water. Apply 10-15 kg of lime per acre every 15 days. Use 0.5-0.6 g of Quanchipia per cubic meter monthly. In the middle and late stages of aquaculture, add 5-6 g of photosynthetic bacteria and 40-60 g of sediment improver per square meter of water to maintain a clean and healthy environment.
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