Summer sown corn is typically planted after the harvest of winter wheat. Timely planting is crucial to ensure that the summer corn reaches full maturity and achieves high quality and yield. Proper management from seed selection to harvesting plays a vital role in the success of this crop.
First, seed treatment is essential. For grain and feed corn, varieties like Nongda 108, Nongda 86, and Nongda 95 are recommended. For grain corn, Zhengdan 958, Jingshao 13, and Dandan 26 are suitable. For silage corn, special varieties such as Keqing 1, North Silage 1, and Special Crop 4 are preferred. Seeds should be selected based on size and quality—using first and second-grade seeds. Before sowing, seeds should be dried and treated with coatings or dressings to improve germination and disease resistance.
Second, field preparation and fertilization are important steps. After the wheat stalks are chopped, they should be evenly spread, avoiding excessive height, which should not exceed 25 cm. Soil moisture must be sufficient, ideally above 16%. For summer corn planting, a standard rate of 15 kg per mu is commonly used. This ensures good seed-to-soil contact and promotes healthy growth.
Third, sowing techniques vary depending on the type of corn. The seeding rate depends on the size of the seeds, the germination rate, and the variety's specific requirements. For silage corn, compact types require a density of 4500–4800 plants per acre, while flat types need 4300–4500. Seed corn requires 4000–4500 for compact types and 3500–4000 for flat types. Sowing depth should be adjusted based on soil type: 5–6 cm in sandy soils and 3–5 cm in regular soil.
Fourth, weed control and pest management are critical during the growing season. A pre-sowing herbicide application of 10% glyphosate (1000 ml in 60 kg water) or 20% paraquat (200 g in 10 kg water) helps clear weeds. After sowing, a soil treatment using 40% atrazine emulsion (75 g) mixed with 85% acetochlor EC (50 g) in 40 kg of water can prevent weed emergence. During the "big bell mouth" stage, farmers should monitor and manage diseases like leaf spot, brown spot, and sheath blight. Biological control using Trichogramma wasps and phoxim granules can help control pests like corn borers and armyworms. At this stage, applying 25–30 kg of urea per acre can boost nutrient availability.
Finally, timely harvesting is essential. Silage corn should be harvested 20–30 days after pollination to ensure optimal nutritional value. For seed corn, it’s best to wait until the ears are fully mature and have not yet died, ensuring high-quality seeds for future planting.
By following these detailed steps, farmers can maximize their yields and maintain the quality of their summer sown corn crops.
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