Summer sown corn is typically planted after the harvest of winter wheat. Timely planting following wheat harvest ensures that summer corn reaches full maturity and sets the stage for high-quality, high-yield production. Proper management from seed selection to harvesting plays a crucial role in maximizing yield and quality.
First, seed treatment is essential. For grain and feed corn, varieties like Nongda 108, Nongda 86, and Nongda 95 are commonly used. For grain corn, Zhengdan 958, Jingshao 13, and Dandan 26 are preferred, while silage corn benefits from varieties such as Special Crop 4, Keqing 1, and North Silage 1. Seeds should be selected based on size and quality, with first- and second-grade seeds being ideal. Before sowing, seeds should be dried and treated with coatings or dressings to enhance germination and disease resistance.
Second, field preparation and fertilization are key steps. After wheat stalks are chopped and spread evenly, they should not be too tall—ideally no more than 25 cm. Soil moisture must be at least 16% before sowing. In summer, corn is usually sown directly into the field, with approximately 15 kg per mu applied for optimal growth.
Third, proper sowing techniques are vital. The seeding rate should be adjusted according to seed size, germination rate, and variety requirements. For silage corn, compact types require 4500–4800 plants per mu, while flat types need 4300–4500. Seed corn should be planted at 4000–4500 for compact types and 3500–4000 for flat types. Sowing depth varies: 5–6 cm in sandy soil and 3–5 cm in regular soil.
Fourth, weed control and post-sowing management are important. A pre-sowing herbicide like 10% glyphosate (1000 ml per 60 kg water) or 20% paraquat (200 g per 10 kg water) can be used to clear weeds. After sowing, a soil treatment with 40% atrazine emulsion (75 g) and 85% acetochlor EC (50 g) mixed in 40 kg water helps suppress weeds. During the "big bell mouth" stage, diseases like leaf spot, brown spot, and sheath blight should be monitored. Trichogramma wasps and phoxim granules can help control corn borers and armyworms. At this stage, applying 25–30 kg of urea per acre enhances plant growth.
Finally, timely harvesting is essential. Silage corn should be harvested 20–30 days after silking to ensure high-quality feed. Seed corn should be harvested when the ears are fully mature and have not yet died, ensuring maximum seed viability.
By following these steps, farmers can achieve better yields, higher quality crops, and more efficient farming practices.
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