Recently, during an interview with the Portuguese township, the author saw that during the overwintering period, some of the farmers’ grapes gradually fell out and saw a few green leaves on the trellis, while some of the farmer’s grape leaves were already unglazed. Some farmers' grapes still retain some leaves, but the leaf margins of the leaves are scorched and the leaves are small. The leaves are brown, yellow, and purple. In the survey, it was found that the better-growing households had an average income of nearly 10,000 yuan per mu, and the benefits of poor planting were low.
When we surveyed the farmers who planted grapes, we learned that those farmers whose benefits are low are mainly cultivated and managed, and there are mistakes in fertilization. The first is that after the harvest, no reduced fertilizer is applied to make the grape plants hungry and there is not enough nutrient absorption, storage and transformation. The second is the partial application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or a large number of elements, such as excess nitrogen, easy to change the sugar of photosynthetic products into cellulose, so that the formation of large gaps in the xylem, grape pith new expansion, susceptible to freezing damage With drought damage, nitrogen deficiency is weak, poor flower bud differentiation, low yield, poor fruit coloring and poor sweetness. Excess phosphorus, for example, will inhibit the absorption of nitrogen. It will also lead to soil acidification, affect the absorption of zinc, iron and other trace elements. The lack of phosphate fertilizer, the assimilation of carbon is inhibited, and starch is not easily converted into soluble sugar. Phosphorus, the leaves were red, poor flower bud differentiation, fruit sugar content decreased. If the potassium is excessive, it will have an antagonistic effect with nitrogen and resist the absorption of nitrogen. If the potassium is insufficient, the leaves will turn brown, the leaf margin will turn up, the tip will die, the fruit will be small, the coloring will be poor, and the yield will be low. The third is to ignore the supporting use of trace elements. Fourth, improper management, such as fertilization, fertilizer from the root too close, easy to make new roots suffering from fertilizer. When there are pruning, there are more fruit left and new shoots are shorter.
In order to promote the high yield and quality of grapes, we must pay more attention to pastoral management.
Outstanding basal fertilizer, see the seedlings of the topdressing grapes generally have a positive relationship with the level of fertilizer. The intrinsic experience is the production of fertilizers, or the production of fat. The comprehensive experience of each place is that for every 500 kilograms of grapes to be produced, 1,000 kilograms of high-quality organic manure must be applied, together with phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as calcium and boron. In basal fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen fertilizers accounts for 60%-70% of the whole year, phosphorus fertilizer accounts for more than 80%, and potassium fertilizer accounts for 30%-40%. It also depends on seedlings to catch good pre-emergence fertilizers and strong fruit fertilizers, and to spray fertilizers from outside the roots.
Control the retention of the mother's branch, update the main vine grape into the dormancy period to begin winter pruning, pruning time before the leaves to the beginning of spring. Before the repair is divided into short cut and update trim two. The short cut is for the main vine, and the update is for the old vine. In the case of short shearing, the number of long-standing buds is 8-12, the number of buds in the medium is 5-7, and the number of buds is 2-3. For varieties with high fruiting parts, long and medium buds must be used. Methods: For medium or weakly growing varieties, the medium and short vines are the mainstay methods for leaving buds. To update the pruning, one is to selectively cultivate the strong shoots of the lower part of the main stem of the grape. When the new shoots of the new generation are able to produce more fruit, the old vines, which are already in decline, are immediately cut off; The renewal will go weak and stay strong, stay on and stay. At the same time, thinning the fruit.
Clean up debris and reduce pathogens After the arrival of winter, we must thoroughly clean up the vineyards. First, we must clean up the remaining foliage; Second, we must eliminate the net diseases; Third, we must remove the weeds, and then focus on deep-buried or burned. Before the sprouting of the grapes, it is necessary to spray the grape trunks, branches, and soil with 1 to 2 times with the use of Baume's 5 degree lime sulfur agent to kill the germs and reduce the incidence base in the coming year.
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