Spinach is hi and cool, and it is also not resistant to high temperatures and light. It is difficult to grow normally when the temperature exceeds 25°C. For example, adopting appropriate techniques for spinach off-season cultivation in summer can obtain higher economic benefits. 35 to 45 days after sowing can be harvested.
1. Select good varieties of heat resistance, cold resistance, strong adaptability, strong resistance, suitable for summer and autumn cultivation of spinach, Xia Cui spinach, Yinong super spinach and other hybrid generation. Xia Cui spinach generally grows for about 40 days, petiole is short, leaves are neat, hypertrophy, slightly round, fleshy, slightly wrinkled, shiny, eating good taste, good merchandise, not easy to convulsions, resistant to downy mildew.
2. Arrange the cultivation of spinach in the off-season in 3 to July sowing, harvesting in May to September, mainly to the Pearl River Delta and other places. Use soil with deep soil, fertile soil, and well-drained soil, pay attention to crop rotation, and avoid continuous cropping; after harvesting the former crop, deep plowing should be done as early as possible, drying and chilling, drying and cleaning the pastoral area, 3000 ren of manure per mu and 40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer.
3. Set up the earth to make the earthworms, apply the bottom of the fertilizer tank with a ditch width of 2 meters (the width of the ditch covered by the shading net is 1.5 meters), the ditch depth is 20 to 30 centimeters, the back ditch and the side ditch are 30 to 40 centimeters deep, and the required surface formation is required. Turtle shape, soil is fine, no water. 15 cm spacing, 2 cm deep shallow ditch, the seeds spread evenly in the ditch, the spacing of 5 to 10 cm (1 to 2), covering 2 cm thick. Watering in time after sowing, 7 to 10 days after the first pouring of water, according to the situation and then poured 2 to 3 times water. Because spinach is not resistant to light and high temperatures, take precautions against sun and rain during high temperatures.
4. Immersion seed germination, looting and sowing If planted in June, because the temperature is not very high, it can be sowed without germination; in July, the temperature is obviously raised and the seedling emergence is more difficult (when the temperature reaches 30°C, spinach seed germination is difficult) , so it can germinate underground. The method is to soak the seeds with deep well water for 1 to 2 hours. After the seeds are sucked in enough water, wrap them in a towel and hang them in the well with a rope. The height is about 1 meter above the water surface. Wash each morning and evening each time. After 3 to 4 days, spinach seeds can be sown when exposed.
Sowing should be carried out in the rain or after watering, take a wide sowing, spacing 20 cm, spacing 4 to 5 cm, 1.5 kg per mu. After sowing, the manure water was poured and covered with fine soil to a thickness of 3 cm.
5. Sow open sowing, pay attention to staged sowing in batches, generally 15 to 20 days sowing 1 batch, in order to list in batches or order production. To prevent rats from eating seeds, rats should be placed immediately after sowing, and it is best to use the bait station to kill rats.
6. Covering film and shade nets from June to mid-July must be covered with mulch before sowing until the plant height is 15 cm (moisturizing effect). When the seedlings reach 50% or more, the mulching film will be removed. Film + shade net cover (shallow shade and temperature, but also pest control and reduce heavy rain damage). The small sheds are made of bamboo poles 2 meters long and 1.5 centimeters thick. The arches can be tightly connected by a tear film and the upper part is covered with a shade net. Due to spinach most avoid hot rain shower, the upper part of the film must be covered tightly, can not be poured into the rain, usually around the shed film rolled up, in order to facilitate ventilation and cooling. Once the spinach has been rained, it should be irrigated with well water.
7. Timing seedlings in a timely manner, close seedlings (also called seedlings) when densely planted 1 to 2 leaves, and seedlings when 3 to 4 leaves are planted. Plant spacing is 5 to 10 cm 15 cm.
8. The field management staff will cover the shading nets: cover on cloudy days, cover on sunny days, cover in the evening, cover in the morning, cover in light rain, cover in heavy rain, cover in rain, and cover in rain. During the whole growing season, the soil should be kept moist, and the spinach should not be affected by drought. After emergence, water should be applied every 2 to 3 days. During the middle and late stages of growth, water should be applied every 7 to 10 days. During the rainy season, drainage should be paid attention to. Field waterlogging is strictly prohibited. . Combine watering for cultivating, weeding and top dressing, apply fertilizer 1 to 7-10 days. To prevent burning seedlings, use thinner manure water for thin planting; apply pest control to spray 0.5% urea + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on foliar dressing. 3 times.
9. Prevention is the main, and the main diseases of spinach in summer cultivation of early-stage pests are downy mildew, anthracnose, spot disease, and viral disease. Downy mildew can be sprayed with 64% cream Mn-Zn wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 600 times spray. Anthrax can be treated with 50% carbendazim WP 700 times, or 80% thiram WP 800 times. Scab disease can be treated with 36% Thiophanate Suspension 500x, or 40% polysulfide suspension 600x. Virus disease can be used to control the water spray with a virus, water, and phytosanitary emulsion.
The main insect pests are aphids, rapeseed mealworms, and leaf miners. Silver ash film can be used to avoid fleas, yellow locusts can be used to kill locusts and leaf miners, and 20% deltamethrin EC can be used as well as 6000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500. Doubling, or 3000% of 3% acetamiprid EC, or 3,000% of 5% hyperchloric EC, or 50% anti-inflamy WP 2000 to 3000 times spray control.
10. Timely harvest of local vegetable market is not strict on spinach, and can be plucked and harvested in the early stages; export spinach should be selected, arranged, the menu is about 30 cm long, there are 6 to 7 leaves of spinach, 0.5 kg Re-bundled into one, with 0.07 cm thick spinach storage bag packaging, each low temperature preservative foam box containing 20 kg, plus ice Coke bottle can be sealed storage and transportation.
About the author: Yang Liaosheng, associate professor and senior technician, is mainly engaged in the teaching, scientific research and promotion of vegetables and vegetables in the off-season. Contact address: Tongren Vocational and Technical College, Guizhou Province, Post Code: 554300.
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