Cultivation of tomatoes in plastic greenhouses

Plastic greenhouses, also known as cold frames, are widely used in northern regions to extend the growing season of crops, particularly during spring and autumn. These structures typically use single-layer plastic films for coverage, which offer less insulation compared to solar greenhouses. As a result, the sowing and planting periods are generally later than those in more insulated greenhouses. For example, in early spring, tomatoes grown in plastic greenhouses may be delayed by about a month compared to open-field tomatoes, while in the Yangtze River region, winter Tomato production is possible using small plastic sheds covered with straw. In spring, plastic greenhouses are essential when frost is still present outside, making it unsuitable for open-field tomato cultivation. The greenhouses help warm the plants during the day and provide some insulation at night, ensuring a steady supply of spring tomatoes. Seedlings are usually planted between mid-January and early February, with a seedling age of 55–70 days. Since this period still falls within winter, maintaining proper temperature conditions is crucial, especially in areas like Yangshuo or in greenhouses with poor nighttime insulation. Low temperatures during the flower bud differentiation stage can lead to malformed flowers and leaf drop. After planting, until the first panicle flowers, nighttime temperatures remain low, so frost protection and timely fruit care are important. As temperatures rise, ventilation should be increased, and insect nets should be installed. During the early fruiting stage, water and fertilizer management should be intensified, and harvesting must be done promptly to avoid over-ripening. In the fall, plastic greenhouses play a key role in supplying tomatoes from mid-September to mid-November in northern areas, helping to meet market demand during the off-season. Sowing usually takes place between late June and mid-July, either through direct seeding or transplanting. However, cultivating tomatoes during this time can be challenging due to high temperatures, intense sunlight, and heavy rains. Earlier sowing increases the risk of viral diseases, while later sowing shortens the growing period and reduces yield before cold damage occurs. To mitigate these issues, measures such as shading, temperature control, rain protection, and virus prevention should be implemented. Seedlings should be kept for about 20 days to avoid long seedling ages. The ideal planting window is from early September to early October. Water and fertilizer management should be consistent, and flowering should be stopped by September 15th. When nighttime temperatures drop to 14°C, the greenhouse should be closed for warmth, but daytime ventilation is still necessary. By mid-October, nighttime temperatures drop rapidly, so cold protection is critical to prevent freezing. In general, the greenhouse should be sealed to accelerate fruit ripening. Before the arrival of a cold spell in late October or early November, all unripe fruits should be harvested and stored properly to ensure quality and minimize losses.

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