In order to improve the quality and reduce contamination risks during mushroom cultivation in hot seasons, it is essential to adjust the formula of auxiliary raw materials. The use of wheat bran and rice bran should be minimized, as excessive amounts can lead to bacterial growth. Instead, increasing the amount of lime will help raise the pH level of the culture medium, which enhances its resistance to microbial contamination. Additionally, the moisture content of the culture material should be kept low, typically below 5%, compared to other seasons. This helps maintain a stable environment that is less favorable for harmful bacteria.
When mixing the culture material, it's important to choose appropriate bag sizes, especially during hot weather, to allow the mycelium to establish quickly and reduce the risk of contamination. After preparing the main ingredients, water, gypsum, calcium superphosphate, and other additives should be mixed thoroughly with dry materials. Urea and similar nutrients should be dissolved in water before being added to the mixture. It’s crucial to mix everything well and fill the bags promptly, ideally within 5 hours, to avoid acidification and odors that can hinder mycelium growth.
Sterilization is a critical step. Ensure there is enough space between the bags inside the sterilizer to allow proper air circulation and even temperature distribution. The sterilization process should begin by heating rapidly to reach 100°C within 2-4 hours. Once this temperature is achieved, it must be maintained for 8-12 hours without interruption. Water should be added periodically, preferably warm, to sustain the process. After sterilization, the bags should be cooled to around 60°C before inoculation to prevent contamination.
Inoculation should take place in a clean, disinfected environment, free from pests. All tools must be sterilized, and the process should be quick but thorough. In summer, more spawn may be needed than in other seasons. The inoculated bags should be placed in a shaded area to avoid overheating and potential infection.
During germination, managing the temperature and humidity is key. Stacking bags should be done carefully, with regular turning and ventilation to ensure adequate oxygen supply. When temperatures exceed 30°C, single-layer stacking and shading are necessary to prevent overheating. Spraying cold water can also help cool the bags, keeping internal temperatures under 33°C. Regular monitoring of the bag pile’s internal temperature is essential to avoid burning of the mycelium.
Pest control is particularly important in summer. Insecticides such as omethoate or beta-cypermethrin can be sprayed every 4-6 days around the bags to prevent infestation. However, dichlorvos should be avoided, as it can cause deformities in the mushrooms. Proper pest management ensures healthy growth and prevents contamination.
During high-temperature periods, premature pile-up and rising temperatures can delay fruiting. Mycelium may grow slowly, forming thick layers that hinder nutrient uptake and slow down the transition to reproductive growth. To counter this, opening greenhouses at both ends of the day and using cool water sprays on the ceiling and floor can help lower temperatures and promote bud formation. When the mycelium becomes dense, elastic, and shows signs like yellowish secretions or granular primordia, it’s time to initiate fruiting.
Mushroom management during summer requires careful attention to watering and ventilation. Watering should be done twice daily—once at 10 AM and once at 4 PM. As the mushrooms develop, the amount of water and ventilation should gradually increase. On rainy or foggy days, more ventilation and less watering is advised, while on windy days, more water should be used to maintain humidity. Avoid closing vents immediately after watering, as this can cause oxygen deficiency and lead to yellowing or death of the mushrooms.
Throughout the entire growing period, maintaining a fresh and humid environment in the shed is crucial. With proper spacing and ventilation, mushrooms grow faster and remain healthier. By following these practices, you can significantly improve the success rate of your mushroom cultivation in hot weather.
Integrated Roughness Profilometer
Roughness Profilometer, also known as surface roughness meter, surface smoothness meter, surface roughness tester, roughness measurement meter, roughness tester, and other names. It has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, easy operation, portability, and stable operation. It can be widely used for the detection of various metal and non-metal processing surfaces. This instrument is a pocket instrument that integrates sensors and hosts, with handheld characteristics, making it more suitable for use in production sites. The exterior design is sturdy and durable, with significant resistance to electromagnetic interference, in line with current design trends.
The application fields of roughness meters include:
1. Mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, mainly metal processing and manufacturing. Roughness meters were originally developed to detect the surface roughness of machined parts. Especially, stylus type roughness measuring instruments are more suitable for detecting hard metal surfaces. For example, the automotive parts processing and manufacturing industry, the mechanical parts processing and manufacturing industry, and so on. As long as these processing and manufacturing industries involve the surface quality of workpieces, the detection application of roughness meters is essential.
2. In the non-metallic processing and manufacturing industry, with the progress and development of technology, more and more new materials are applied to processing processes, such as ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, etc. Some bearings are now made of special ceramic materials, and pump valves are made of polyethylene materials. These materials have a hard texture, and some applications can replace metal materials to make workpieces. During production and processing, their surface roughness also needs to be tested.
3. With the continuous strengthening and improvement of the technology and functions of roughness meters, as well as their in-depth promotion and application, more and more industries have been found to require roughness detection. In addition to mechanical processing and manufacturing, roughness evaluation is also required in the production and processing of power, communication, electronics, such as couplings on switches, integrated circuit semiconductors, and even stationery, tableware, and other products used in people's daily lives The surface roughness of human teeth needs to be tested.
Integrated Roughness Profilometer,Integrated Roughness Profiler, Measuring Instrument,High Speed Profilometer
Zhejiang dexun instrument technology co., ltd , https://www.dexunmeasuring.com