According to the growth stage of groupers, feeding conditions play a crucial role in determining the amount of feed provided. When feeding, it is essential to follow a quantitative approach, offering smaller meals more frequently throughout the day. The goal is to ensure that the fish consume all the food before it sinks to the bottom. The primary diet for groupers consists of fresh fish, typically small fish that are either minced or cut into chunks depending on the season and the size of the fish.
During the first two months of the breeding season, minced small fish are recommended, with an approximate feeding rate of 10% of the fish’s body weight. As the fish grow, the feeding method changes—small fish are cut into chunks and fed at about 5% of their body weight during the last three months. One month before harvest, the feeding rate is reduced to around 3% of the fish’s body weight. In addition to fresh fish, artificial diets with a protein content of over 40% can also be used. These diets should be processed into different sizes based on the fry's size and adjusted according to the fish's feeding behavior and overall health.
When feeding, it is best to use a low-feed, high-frequency strategy. Start by feeding in the middle of the pond, then gradually move toward the edges. Each feeding session should be divided into several portions to ensure the fish have enough time to eat without waste. The ideal feeding times are between 5-6 AM and 19-20 PM in the evening, as this aligns with the natural feeding patterns of groupers.
Throughout the breeding period, it's important to regularly monitor the water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, and pH. Water should be changed as needed to maintain optimal conditions. Additionally, the pond structure, including the dam, gates, and screens, should be inspected regularly to prevent leaks or breaches. Any weak or damaged parts must be reinforced or replaced promptly to avoid fish escapes and ensure the safety of the entire system.
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