The temperature is one of the most critical factors in the early care of newly hatched chicks. These young birds have a smaller body size compared to adult chickens, and their insulation capacity is very limited. As a result, they are unable to regulate their own body temperature effectively, which means they require a higher ambient temperature for the first few days. To maintain warmth, infrared lamps or heating wires can be used. For the first three days after hatching, the ideal temperature should be around 38°C. Then, it should gradually decrease by 1–2°C each week. By the time the chicks are about 25°C, the temperature can be reduced to approximately 5°C. The condition of the chicks can help determine if the temperature is appropriate: when it's just right, the chicks will spread out evenly, move smoothly, sleep quietly, and eat and drink normally. If the temperature is too low, they will gather near the heat source, pile on top of each other, emit weak cries, and eat less. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the chicks will avoid the heat source, open their mouths, and drink more frequently.
Humidity is also an important factor in the brooding environment. The ideal humidity level can be judged by both human perception and the behavior of the chicks. When the humidity is suitable, you won't feel dryness in your nose or mouth, and the chicks will have moist, soft toes. There should be little dust in the room during their activity.
Lighting is another key aspect. During the first day of brooding, the lighting should be continuous for 24 hours, with an intensity of about 20 lux per square meter. After the first week, the light intensity should gradually decrease. Once the pheasants are 4 to 5 weeks old, it’s best to use a dark room for feeding. You can cover the room with black cloth to create a completely dark environment 24/7. During the day, you can ventilate using a fan. If this isn’t possible, you can roll up the cloth during the night for ventilation.
Breeding density must also be carefully managed. For the first 10 days, the recommended density is 50–60 chicks per square meter. From day 11 to 30, it should be reduced to 30–40 per square meter, and from day 31 to 60, it should be 10 per square meter. It’s also advisable to group the chicks based on their size and strength to ensure even growth.
Feeding should start after the chicks have had access to water. Within the first 1–3 days, you can provide them with a solution of 8% glucose mixed with multivitamins and antibiotics. The water should be at room temperature, and a small drinking fountain should be used to keep the water clean. After 24 hours, they can begin eating. The feed should be rich in protein and essential trace elements, and it should be nutritionally balanced. If necessary, you can combine it with broiler feed along with poultry-specific vitamins, sodium selenite, vitamin E, and disease-prevention medications.
Feeding frequency should be adjusted as the chicks grow. For the first 10 days, feed them every 2 hours. From day 10 to 30, reduce the frequency to 5 times per day. To prevent cannibalism, it’s important to perform beak trimming between 7–10 days of age. A second trimming should be done between days 30 and 40. Always ensure that the bleeding stops completely and that the procedure is done carefully. Before and after the trimming, add multivitamins and electrolytes to the drinking water, and include vitamin K3 in the feed.
Disease prevention is crucial. At 7–10 days of age, administer the ND II strain vaccine via drinking water and give a chickenpox acupuncture. At 14 days, apply the bursa vaccine through the water. Additionally, prophylactic treatments are necessary. For the first two weeks, add norfloxacin or chloramphenicol to the feed or water to prevent infections. After 20 days, include anticoccidial drugs in the feed to prevent coccidiosis. Regular health monitoring and good hygiene practices are essential for the overall success of the rearing process.
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